PALEOZOIC CORALS AND FORAMINIFERA. 81 



them ; the outer area composed of small, irregular, curved ve- 

 sicular plates, forming an irregular cellulose texture : vertical 

 section, the central axis of close, spirally and conically twisted 

 laminae ; inner area of one row of distant, delicate, irregular, 

 curved transverse plates forming very open cells ; outer area 

 defined from the inner, formed of loose irregular cellular tissue, 

 of large, slightly-curved vesicular plates, extending obliquely 

 upwards and outwards. 



This species is much less irregularly wrinkled than the L. du- 

 plicata (Mart, sp.), forms shorter and more w^idely turbinated 

 masses, and is distinguished externally at a glance by the lateral 

 branches expanding rapidly from their point of attachment to a 

 conical form, while in the L. duplicata the lateral branches re- 

 tain their original small diameter for a great length (increasing 

 at about the rate of 4 lines in 3 inches), and present a strange 

 contrast to the parent stem, as is faithfully shown in the rough 

 figure of Martin. 



In the red carboniferous limestone of Arnside, Kendal ; also 

 near Bakewell, Derbyshire, in the limestone of the same formation. 



{Col. University of Cambridge.) 



Lonsdaleia rugosa (M'Coy). 



Sp. Char. Branches 6 or 7 lines in diameter, elongate-conic, ex- 

 ceedingly rugose with large transverse irregular undulations 

 and funnel-shaped irregularities of growth, crossed by coarse, 

 obtuse longitudinal striae (four in the space of 2 lines) ; young 

 lateral branches small, continuing very slender for a consider- 

 able length ; terminal cups deep, with a prominent compressed 

 axis in the centre, middle portion with strong radiating lamellae, 

 which, as they approach the margin, become fainter and united 

 into a network by strong interstitial vesicular plates : hori- 

 zontal section, central axis 2 lines wide, of close, fine, compli- 

 cated laminae, crossed by one thick mesial plate; axis sur- 

 rounded by an area 5 lines wide, of about forty-two equal ra- 

 diating lamellae, with very few and delicate transverse vesi- 

 cular plates ; outer area partially radiated by delicate prolon- 

 gations of the radiating lamellae, with numerous strong curved 

 vesicular plates : vertical section shows a thick solid line indi- 

 cating the centre of the axis (and corresponding to the mesial 

 line through the axis of the cross section), from which the 

 delicate, thin, close, complicated laminae of the axis diverge 

 downwards, but pass gradually into the larger and more hori- 

 zontal cellular tissue of the second area ; this latter is separated 

 by a definite line from the outer area, which is of smaller 

 cellular tissue, composed of small, curved, vesicular plates ex- 

 tending obliquely upwards and outwards. 



