68* Appendix. 



Such details as these may be considered of small importance, but they 

 belong to the history of the formation I am describing. There are, however, 

 other phaenomena of more importance, and extremely well exhibited along the 

 line just described. The calcareous slates sometimes pass into strong beds of 

 limestone : but without exception they exhibit true cleavage planes, which often 

 almost obliterate the lines of stratification; and the calcareous beds (even where 

 they pass into a pure subcrystalline limestone), when struck with the hammer, 

 break into tabular masses, having their faces parallel to the cleavage of the 

 slates. These calcareous beds abound with Corals, Bivalves, Trilobites, &c., 

 and have a south-easterly dip, varying from 30° to 60°. The planes of cleavage 

 generally dip toward the north-west, at a great angle. They sometimes strike 

 with the beds, and sometimes cut obliquely through them ; but I could not 

 find any instance where the planes of cleavage and the true beds coincided. 



I stated (in the paper before mentioned, p. 54) that the calcareous bands 

 were cut off by the Shap granite, and the assertion was, I believe, true : but 

 during the past summer I ascertained that these bands reappear, in their line 

 of strike, on the north side of the granite boss, in the new road cut through 

 the morass, from Shap Wells to the turnpike leading to the village of Shap. 

 The same calcareous bands appear also in the rivulet, about a quarter of a 

 mile north of the wells, nearly with the strike and dip above mentioned, and 

 so pass under the horizontal beds of the old red sandstone and conglomerates 

 Avhich form the base of the mountain limestone ridges, stretching out on the 

 north side of the district. It deserves remark, that the calcareous slates are 

 broken through by porphyritic masses, but reappear in the form of calcareous 

 conglomerates imbedded in the greywacke. These conglomerates are im- 

 pregnated with pyrites, and give rise to the mineral waters of Shap Wells. 



It appears, therefore, probable, from what has been already stated, that the 

 Shap granite interrupts the continuity of the calcareous bands, and is there- 

 fore of an origin posterior to them. The same truth is rendered probable by 

 the extreme induration of the upper greywacke series, where it approaches 

 the granite. The conclusion is, however, put out of all doubt by a fact I 

 observed for the first time, this summer; viz. that near the farm-house called 

 Wasdale Head, the granite is in two places seen to send veins into the 

 greywacke; which near its contact with the granite passes into a rock, very 

 much resembling the more crystalline varieties of the Cornish killas. These 

 phaenomena, taking place among the upper fossiliferous divisions of the slate 

 series, are of considerable theoretical importance ; but I shall not dwell upon 

 them, as I shall have to return to the subject in a subsequent paper. 



