from Penigent to Kirkhy Stephen. 87 



pose of remarking the almost entire absence of great faults or veins in theneigh- 

 bouring mountains, and their consequent sterility in all metalliferous minerals. 

 From High Pike to the top of Great Colmj all the groups succeed each 

 other in regular order ; but on that side of the mountain the twelve-fathom 

 limestone is still in a degraded form, and ihe four fathom limestone has more 

 than its average thickness. On following them to the eastern side of the 

 mountain we may, however, remark, that one gradually increases and the other 

 diminishes in thickness till they assume their average proportions. Over the 

 twelvefathom limestone (No. II.) the three superior groups are well exhibited; 

 and a bad two-foot coal has been partially worked in the group No. 14, which 

 is here about 60 feet in thickness. On the highest summit is a trace of the 

 second millstone grit (No. 15.), which, though rather thin -bedded, has here 

 the mineral structure indicated by its name. I do not, however, think that 

 these beds are so high in the series as those which form the highest peaks of 

 Penigent and Whernside. Here the section again deflects to the north, and 

 in the remaining part of its range is very nearly in a straight line*. 



Descending from Great Colm top to the valley of Dent we commence, as 

 above stated, in the lower portion of the second millstone grit (No. 15.), and 

 cross in succession every group till we meet the upper strata of the great Scar 

 limestone, about 200 feet above the level of the river. We may remark, 

 during this traverse, the old coal-works in No. 10. (b.) f, — the slate quarries of 

 Little Colm in No. 8. (c), — the old slate quarries and the Barbon coal-works 

 in No. 6. (6. c.),X — and the various quarries which have been opened in the 

 black marble beds (No. 3.). 



In the higher part of the valley of Dent the river runs for several miles among 

 the upper beds of the Scar limestone, and we meet with a succession of objects 

 highly characteristic of the formation. The mountain -streams are engulfed, 

 and the strata interrupted by numberless grotesque caverns and open fissures, 

 resembling, on a miniature scale, the striking features of Chapel le Dale. 



From Dent, the sectional line ranges over the top of Risell to the Garsdale 

 river, close to the chapel. On the ascending line, all the beds are laid bare up 

 to the fVold or Mosdale Moor limestone, in a great ravine called Scotchergill. 

 On the eastern brow of Risell are quarries in the four fathom and twelve- 

 fathom limestones; and from the upper quarry is obtained a very beautiful 

 variety of fossil marble already noticed. On the western brow of the same 

 hill, the coal-bed (No. 10. b.) has been partially worked; and the summit is 

 composed of the lower beds of the frst millstone grit (No. 13.). 



* See PI. VI. fig. 2. continued. f See above, Note to p. 79. 



1 See above, Note to p. 76. 



