from Penigent to Kirkhy Stephen. 93 



oTOups is of variable thickness^ and that each of them appears to be sometimes 

 developed at the expense of the other*. 



Above the twelve-fathom limestone, the upper shale and the first millstone 

 (Nos. 12. and 13.) are in their characteristic form^ and over them are the car- 

 bonaceous shales, coal bands, and grits of No. 14. and perhaps a trace of 

 No. 15 ; but the summit of the hill is buried in morass. 



Following the sectional line, we find in Mosdale all the beds denuded, 

 down to the Mosdale Moor limestone (No. 7.) ; and on the east side of the 

 valley we have an extensive tract of green pastures, crowned with a plateau 

 of the twelvefathom limestone, under which are many traces of old coal works 

 in the group (No. 10. h.). 



From this plateau to the top of Shunner Fell there are strata more than 

 100 fathoms in thickness; but all of them are buried under the peat mosses, 

 till we reach the grey crags of millstone grit, on the last ascent towards the 

 crest of the mountain. We there cross the outgoings of the second millstone 

 grit (No. 15.); of the shale and gritstone (No. 16.); and we reach the 

 highest plateau after passing the rugged escarpment of the upper millstone 

 grit, the last group of the general section f. 



* There is a very fine natural section of all the groups, from the upper beds of the Scar lime- 

 stone to the four-fathom limestone inclusive, in the sides of a torrent called Artingill, near the old 

 pass over the Cross between Dent and Hawes. Immediately above the highest point of this pass, 

 are extensive coal works (in No. 10. 6.) reached by shafts sunk through the trvelvefathom lime- 

 stone. 



t As the strata from the plateau of the trvelve-fatkom limestone to Shunner Fell top are not, on 

 the whole, well exposed along the sectional line, I subjoin a more detailed, ascending section through 

 the same series, as exhibited near the Turna Fell coal works, a little further to the south. 



Feet. Inchef. 



7. Hard, brown grit "| 



8. Shale ( 



VllO 



9. Hard, brown grit f 



10. Shale,withbandsofsoft, tough grit J 



1 1 . Bands of open, coarse grit, passing 

 into the upper group 20 or 30 



Feet. Inches. 



1 . Twelve-fathom limestone. 



2. Shale, with bands of grit 20 



3. Quarry grit, with bandsof shale 40 or 50 



4. Sill stone (hard brownish grit) with 



bands of dark shale 20 or 30 



5. Coal 2 6 



6. Shale with bands of brown gritstone, 



and a three-inch coal near the 



top 70 or 80 



12. Millstone grit, &c 120 



13. Coarse, thin-bedded grit and shale . 1 00 



14. Upper millstone grit, &c 120 



The thickness of the beds from the coal, No. 5. to No. 10. inclusive, is very nearly thirty-three 

 fathoms, as determined from the sinkings of an air-shaft. The other numbers are only approxi- 

 mate. Nos. 2. and 3. represent, in a degraded form, the upper shale and the frst millstone grit. 

 All the beds from No. 4. to No. 10. inclusive may be considered as one group, representing 

 No. 14. of the general section: and the remaining groups represent the three highest divisions of 

 the general section in their most characteristic form. 



