from Penigent to Kirkhy Stephen. 95 



The successive groups of strata on the side of Penigent have been noticed 

 above* ; and the various phenomena exhibited at the junction of the carboni- 

 ferous system with the greywacke have been very clearly explained by Mr. 

 Phillips in a preceding memoir of our Transactions f. My object is to con- 

 nect the longitudinal section above described, with section (D.) of that me- 

 moir;};. 



Prom Clapham to the hills north of Ingleton, the range of the Craven 

 fault is marked by an anticlinal line or break, appaiently formed by the pro- 

 trusion of the slate rocks during the elevation of the limestone chain. This 

 line passes through Clapham Beck about a mile above the village, as is indi- 

 cated in the section. 



The second transverse section (fig. 6.) commences at the top of Great 

 Colm, passes in a direction nearly due south over Gragreth ; thence, deflecting 

 a little towards the east, crosses the foot of Kingsdale and becomes united 

 with section (A.) in Mr. Phillips's paper§. 



The strata of Great Colm have been described above || ; but in consequence 

 of their gradual rise towards the south-west, some of the lower groups are 

 brought out in the Gragreth range, the top of which is composed of the fissile 

 gritstone (No. 8. c, of the general section) H. In descending from the top of 

 Gragreth to the vvaterfall called Thornton Force, at the foot of Kingsdale, 

 we cross all the groups from No. 8. down to the great Scar limestone. On 

 crossing the line of the great fault, the dislocation is precisely of the same 

 kind as in Clapham Beck ; but is incomparably more striking. The whole 

 Scar limestone has been tumbled into the valley, and seems to pass under the 

 Burton coal-field. 



Some of the dislocated masses may be considered, in their prolongation, to 

 reappear in the inclined beds of Kirkby Lonsdale and Farlton Knot. The 

 principal line of fault passes however (as stated in a former paper)** by Ease 

 Gill and Barbondale, and thence in a direction about north by east to the 

 foot of Stainmoor. And in all this portion of its range, the nature of the 

 dislocations of the carboniferous strata are modified by the immediate contact 

 of a lofty greywacke chain, as will be seen in the three next transverse sec- 

 tions. 



The third transverse section(f\g. 7.) commences at the top of Crag or Cas- 

 terton High Pell (the north-western extremity of the ridge of Great Colm), 



* Supra, p. 84. f Geological Transactions, Second Series, vol. iii. p. 5 — 15. 



X Ibid. Plate I. (D.) p. 12. § Ibid. Plate I. (A.) p. 9. || Supra, p. 87. 



^ Some of the grits (subordinate to No. 8. of the general section) along this line are of coarse 

 texture, and have been used for millstones, ** Supra, p. 60. 



