from Penigent to Kirkbj/ Stephen. 97 



No. 6. b.) After crossing on the descending line (immediately below the coal 

 shale) about fifty feet of micaceous slaty gritstone (No. 6. a.), we suddenly 

 come to the great fault, beyond which the beds dip at a high angle about 

 west-north-west. They now seem to succeed each other in a regular ascend- 

 ing order; but on the contrary we find a succession of groups representing, 

 if I mistake not, Nos. 4. 3. and 2. of the general section ; and at length reach 

 the great Scar limestone (No. 1.), the beds of which have a fan-shaped ar- 

 rangement : the first portion dipping at a great angle in the direction above 

 indicated, — the middle portion being elevated into broken vertical masses, — 

 while the lowest strata gradually acquire an opj)osite dip (about east-north- 

 east), and rest on the conglomerates of the old red sandstone. 



Descending by Hebblethwaite Hall Gill^ we have masses of old red conglo- 

 merate resting unconformably upon irregular, protruding beds of grey wacke ; 

 and in the lower part of the valley these conglomerates become of very great 

 thickness. From beneath them on the opposite side of the valley of Sedbergh 

 rise the steep escarpments of the grey wacke ridges in which various tributary 

 branches of the Lune have their source*. 



By comparing this description with the accompanying section, it appears^ — 

 1st, That by the prolongation of the Craven fault under Baw Fell, all the 

 groups below No. 6. were cut off from the horizontal system. — 2ndly, That 

 forces of elevation, acting irregularly upon the dislocated masses, pushed a 

 portion of the great Scar littiestone above them all into a vertical position. — 

 Srdly, That by this movement a portion of the Scar limestone, and three or 

 four superior groups were actually inverted. 



It is obvious, from this section, that great masses of old red conglomerate 

 were formed on the flanks of the nearest greywacke hills before the existence 

 of the carboniferous series; and the beds of this series may perhaps never 

 have abutted against the neighbouring greywacke chain. The first effect of 

 elevation seems to have been exactly the same with that which is indicated in 

 the preceding section at Short Gillf . The lower groups were torn off from 

 the base of the mountain ; but not being exposed to the same horizontal thrust 

 from the greywacke chain, they had more room to expand themselves, and 

 fell into the remarkable position just described. 



5. The last transverse section (fig. 9.) is drawn from the top of Wild Boar Fell 

 (in a direction about west-north-west) through some dislocated masses, forming 



* The beds in many parts of the greywacke chains, near the lines of section, are violently con- 

 torted. The lines drawn through the greywacke in the accompanying sections are ideal, and 

 merely intended to contrast the inclined position of its strata with that of the horizontal carboni- 

 ferous system. f Plate VI. (Transverse Section, fig. 7.) 

 VOL. IV. SECOND SERIES. O 



