\9Q Dr. FiTTON on the Strata below the Chalk. 



west of Sine Farm the upper stratum is no longer found, the middle and 

 sloping portion of those hills consisting of the greener beds (6.), with a cap 

 of the upper sands («.) on the top. An outlier of the middle stratum resting 

 upon the lowest (c), forms the summit of the ground between Saltwood 

 Castle and Hythe. 



Springs break out both from the top of the Weald clay below this group 

 of stone, and from the cohesive sandy clay above it ; a considerable thick- 

 ness of the latter being interposed between these stone beds and the sands 

 which cap Sine Farm and Nail-Down Hills. 



(32.) Though in a general view the rise of this and the other members of 

 the lower green-sand accords with that of the chalk, the dip being at a small 

 angle to the east of north, the beds of stone which are uncovered at low tides, 

 upon the shore under Sandgate, dip at an angle of not less than 40° towards 

 the north-west. This place, therefore, would appear to have been the site of 

 some disturbance*. 



At the west end of the cliff also, between Sandgate and Folkstone, the beds 

 at the bottom of this lowest group dip inland, or towards the north, at an 

 angle of about 40° or 45°, and the strike is from about 5° to 8° north of west, 

 to the south of east, the vertical thickness being less than sixty feet. 



Sir J. Tylden mentions, that in a quarry close to the brook at Underbill, 

 the strata are so highly inclined as to be almost perpendicular; "curving," 

 he says, " something like the flints in the chalk at the Isle of Wight, as if 

 '' they had been forced up." No traces of such disturbance met my observa- 

 tion on the coast ; but this fact is deserving of notice, from the distinct proofs 

 of elevation observable in a part of the series which corresponds to that here 

 referred to, at Brasted, in West Kent, as will be mentioned hereafter. (38.) 



(33.) The lower group seems, generally, to contain more calcareous matter 

 than the upper divisions; and this in some specimens is splintery limestone, 

 almost void of quartz, with but little of the green substance interspersed, in 

 very minute grains. In such cases small portions might be taken even for 

 mountain limestone. The concretions are commonly traversed by contempo- 

 raneous veins of calcareous spar, at right angles to the surface, and inter- 

 secting each other, one set being parallel to the strike, and the other nearly 

 at right angles to it ; they divide the mass, therefore, into pieces approaching 



* It is not improbable that in this and other cases, where extensive subsidence has taken place, 

 as at Eastware Bay and the back of the Isle of Wight, the occurrence was not confined to the 

 period during which the sea has stood at its present level. If the level were ever higher than it 

 is now, this would account for the ruins of the upper beds of the cliffs, which are frequently ob- 

 servable in the sea, beneath low-water mark. 



