Dr. FiTTON on the Strata heloio the Chalk. 171 



J V, c. The white sand-rock above supposed to be a continuation of tliat on the Castle cliff, pro- 

 bably rises on the shore under St. Leonard's church, but is not visible in the cliff, till it reaches 

 a spot on the east of the Sussex Hotel, where caves have been cut in the mass of almost uniform 

 sand not to be distinguished from that of Hastings. It would be very desirable to ascertain by 

 experiment whether marine salt exists in this deposit. 



V. Immediately below the sand-rock (IV.), at the western extremity of the Castle rock, is a 



thickness of about 35 feet, of dark brownish, tough, sandy clay, including lignite in considerable 

 quantity, some of the continuous pieces being several feet in length. This group goes down to the 

 level of the road or street ; and thence to low water mark, a space about 20 feet in thickness is 

 concealed. But under the Parade on the east of P^lham-place, a floor of grey sand-rock, is exposed 

 at low water, the strike of which seems to be nearly from east to west. It includes crusts and 

 patches of brown oxide of iron ; and is traversed by two sets of cracks, one running nearly north 

 and south, the other from the north of east to south of west, which divide the surface into nearly 

 rhomboidal portions, with anjles of 72" and lOS". 



VII. — Cliffs on the West of St. Leonard's. — The line of the coast at St. Leonard's coincides with 

 the strike for about 200 paces west of the arch at the entrance to that place ; and the strata at the 

 water level appear to be horizontal ; but about 400 paces west of the Sussex Hotel, the heights 

 turn inland towards the north of west; so that the strata in the retiring portion of the cliff are lower 

 in the series than those upon the shore. They agree with those which are visible at low water be- 

 neath the town of Hastings, and with the lower strata in the cliffs around the shallow bay, or cove, 

 at the Lover's Seat. 



VII. a. — The cliff west of the Church is continued for some distance at an uniform height of 

 about 100 feet. It becomes lower in approaching Bopeep ; and at a point where it turns inland, 

 between 200 and 300 paces east of the Martello Tower No. 39, is a floor of sand-rock, at low- 

 water mark, full of grains of oxide of iron, like that of the coast to the eastward ; the strike being 

 towards the east about 25° south; and the dip east of north, at an angle of about 11°. The upper 

 part of the cliff at this place, which is about 40 feet high, is composed of brown sand- rock, in beds 

 from 2 inches to 6 in thickness. A grass-covered height, of less elevation, occurs immediately on 

 the west of Bopeep, and the rock exposed there to a thickness of about 10 feet, consists of reddish 

 sandy marl (VII. a.), not distinguishable from the Red marl of Devonshire. A low flat hill about 

 300 paces west of the Tower No. 40, consists for about 20 feet at the top, of sand alternating with 

 clay, in beds dipping very gently to east of north. 



VII. h. — At the east end of the cliff at Bulverhithe, on which stands the Tower No. 43, the 

 beds dip regularly about east 30° north, at an angle of about 1°. Thence, along the shore, to the 

 Tower upon Galley-hill (No. 44.), strata of reddish sandy clay or marl, variegated with light 

 tea-green, are very well disclosed, declining, towards the east, at an angle between 2° and 3° : 

 and above these coloured marls, is brownish sand-rock, about 50 feet thick. 



this stratum of Hastings. On the north of those great beds, and above them, is a group com- 

 posed of thin, alternate beds of sand-rock and slaty clay, in many respects resembling that of the 

 Brewery near the White Rock. These upper beds are quarried at Huntley's Farm, about a mile 

 west of the northern entrance of Tonbridge Wells; where they abound in Cyclades, Paludinae, and 

 Cypris Valdensis (C Faba of Min. Conchology), and include the remains of several plants, among 

 which are Sphcenopteris Mantellii, and a new species of fern, represented in the wood-cut at p. 1 8 1 . 

 The relations of the strata at this place, and in the tract on the north of it, towards the valley of 

 the Weald, are well deserving of attentive examination : I am indebted to the Rev. Mr. Pope of 

 Tonbridge Wells, for having pointed them out to me, and for a collection of specimens obtained, 

 there by himself. 



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