392 Prof. Sedgwick on the New Red Sandstone Series in the 



on the west*. In the two eastern quarries we have fine thick beds of moun- 

 tain limestone^ some dipping south-south-east, and others nearly perpendicu- 

 lar, surmounted by several impure beds, which will not burn to lime, and 

 by about fifteen feet of gravel, tinged red with fragments of the new red sand- 

 stone. In the western quarry the dip is about north-north-east. At one end 

 of it the limestone is more than twenty feet thick ; but it thins off, at the other 

 end, to about half that thickness. This mass is associated with a white free- 

 stone, and with an impure, ferruginous, encrinite limestone unfit for use. Some 

 purple-coloured shale and siliceous gritstone, laid bare in a small excavation 

 about half a mile south-west of these quarries, appear also to belong to the car- 

 boniferous series ; but how far they are expanded over the plateau of Broad- 

 field, it would be no easy matter to determine, in the present concealed state of 

 the country. In the valleys of Ivegill and Raw Beck, to the south and east of 

 Broadfield, there are, however, very fine escarpments of new red sandstone. 



The next example is seen in Chalk Beck, about a mile north-east of Rosley, 

 and three quarters of a mile above Chalk Foot. On the right bank of the 

 rivulet there is an escarpment of limestone between 20 and 30 feet thick, sur- 

 mounted by 30 or 40 feet of red diluvial gravel. Close to this escarpment are 

 beds of new red sandstone, partly resting upon the limestone, and partly sepa- 

 rated from it by thin beds of conglomerate containing angular fragments of 

 limestone. In such a position it might easily be mistaken for a portion of the 

 formation of magnesian limestone, especially as some of the beds are earthy 

 and cellular; and all of them are yellow, and contain magnesia. It, however, 

 on the whole, more resembles the dolomitic varieties of mountain limestone ; 

 and it dips slightly to east by south, while the nearest beds of red sandstone 

 dip north-north-west. Moreover, it contains Orthoceratites, beautiful corals 

 of the genus Caryophyllia, resembling species well known in the mountain 

 limestone, and large Productae, among which, if I mistake not, is the Pro- 

 ducta Scotica ; but it does not contain any characteristic fossil of the magne- 

 sian limestone formation. On these accounts I do not hesitate to class it with 

 the outlying rocks of Broadfield, which are undoubtedly of the carboniferous 

 order f. 



The last instance which fell under my notice, of any outlying portion of 



* The locality is defined on the county maps by the meeting of four roads, — from Gatesgill, from 

 High Burnthwaite, from Burghthwaite, and from Itonfield. 



■\ There may be some doubt whether the Chalk limestone be within the area of the new red 

 sandstone, of which it is impossible to lay down the demarcation in a continuous line. There is, 

 however, an outbreak of the red sandstone at Green quarry, about half a mile further up Chalk 

 Beck. 



