Basin of the Eden and north-western Coasts oj Cumberland, ^c. 405 



APPENDIX. 



On the Demarcation of the New Red Sandstone Group, described in the preceding Memoir. 



The northern line of demarcation, commencing near Brough and ending on the Scotch border, has 

 been already noticed (supra, p. 384, note). The remaining line may be traced as follows. Com- 

 mencing, as before, at the top of the flat lands near tlie bifurcation of the Belah, the line may be 

 drawn a little south of the left bank of the river, so as to leave out Caber. It then turns, about 

 south by west, till it just touches Winton, from which it ranges a little to the west of Hartley, just 

 under the road from Hartley to Naitby, which place it incloses within the area of the red sandstone ; 

 thence, crossing the river, it enters the north end of Wharton Park, and ranging nearly due north, 

 passes along the brow of the hill just above Kirkby Stephen. The range then appears to be about 

 north-west for more than a mile, when the line makes a bend, passing the rivulet about half a mile 

 south of Soulby ; thence to the rivulet a little north of Crosby, from which a curve line may be 

 drawn skirting the high lands, so as to pass a little east of Musgrave ; afterwards nearly parallel 

 to the Eden, so as to pass about a quarter of a mile south of Warcop Bridge, north of Birks 

 Chapel ; half a mile south of Little Ormshead ; and from the last-mentioned point to the rivulet 

 just above HofF. The line is then nearly defined by the left bank of the rivulet, and passes lo 

 the north-west just above Colby, which it incloses. 



Part of the preceding line is imaginary, the country being covered by enormous masses of red 

 diluvial gravel. But the conglomerates are seen at Belah Bridge, in the river under Winton, at 

 Naitby and Kirkby Stephen, and in the river above Soulby. Again, the red sandstone is seen on 

 both sides of the river near Warcop ; and the conglomerates break out in the rivulet south of Little 

 Ormshead, and at HofF and Burrels. 



From Colby the line runs down close to the left bank of the Eden, under Beuley Castle ; thence, 

 through Bolton to the rivulet a little south of Walk Mill; afterwards nearly parallel to the rivulet, 

 and a little to the west of its left bank ; thence, skirting the low lands, to a point about half a mile 

 south of Cliburne. The remaining demarcation to the Eamont, is very obscure ; but it passes by 

 Clifton Dykes, and under Brougham Hall, into the alluvial flat of the river, and then enters Cum- 

 berland*. 



For many miles, after it enters Cumberland, the line of demarcation is very ill defined. To 

 the east of the Petteril is a lofty ridge of new red sandstone hills, commencing with Penrith 

 Beacon. But on the road from Penrith to Hutton and Hesket Newmarket, we pass a very doubt- 

 ful country, which has always been coloured as new red sandstone. Some of the red sandstones in 

 that district (for example, at Catterlen, Hutton Park, &c.,) appeared to me, however, (when I ex- 



* The area inclosed by the line above described is extremely covered with red gravel, formed, 

 in part, by the breaking up of the new red sandstone. Within the same area are also some places 

 where the new red sandstone has been washed off. Thus, near Warcop, there is in the bed of the 

 river an inclined micaceous red grit, probably belonging to the carboniferous series. Some very 

 remarkable red gritstones, associated with a magnesian limestone, are found on the hills west of 

 Soulby, and are clearly a part of the carboniferous system. I do not think the lower division of the 

 new red sandstone is found in this district; though I ought not to make the assertion with much 

 confidence, having never examined it since the year 1823. 



3 G 2 



