Lieut.-Colonel Sykes on a portion of Dukhun. 427 



most striking phenomenon in Indian geology is the almost total absence of 

 organic remains in the stratified rocks and in the diluvial soil." As this must 

 have been written with a knowledge of Dr. Voysey's paper, it being in the 

 same volume with his own^ it is probable he considers the shells recent. 



Thermal Springs. 



Thermal springs do not exist in Dukhun within my limits; but there are 

 three distant localities in the Konkun below the Ghats, where hot water 

 gushes up from numerous crevices in trap rocks over an extensive surface. 



The first is at Vizrabhaee, forty-eight miles north of Bombay, where the principal springs are in 

 the bed of a river, and in the monsoon are consequently lost in the swollen stream ; but in tra- 

 versing the jungle in the vicinity I have met with detached pools of hot water, which are unaffected 

 by the rains ; their temperature is very high. The second locality is that mentioned by the late 

 Dr. White, of the Bombay army. The hot wells are called Devakl Unci, and are fifty miles south- 

 east from Sural*, at the foot of some hills ; the temperature in the different springs ranges from 111° 

 to 120° Fahr. They are spoken of as being in the vicinity of Anaval and Veval, but as these 

 places, agreeably to the map of India, are only thirty miles from Surat, there is evidently some 

 mistake with regard to the distance. The third locality is at Mahr, on the Bancoot or Fort Vic" 

 toria river, about seventy-five miles south of Bombay. I know of these springs only from report. 

 The whole of the above springs, extending through 3° of latitude, lie nearly in the same parallel of 

 longitude (73°), and are within twenty-five miles of the sea. 



In a manuscript report to the Government of Bombay, on the province of Khandeish, Colonel 

 Briggs has the following passage testifying to the occurrence of thermal springs above the Ghats* 



" Among the natural curiosities of Khandeish are the hot springs of the Satpoora hills, particu- 

 larly those of Soonup Deo and Oonup Deo, the former in the district of Arrawud, and the latter 

 in the deserted Pergunneh of Amba. The former is so hot that the hand cannot be borne in it ; 

 the latter is less ardent, and is used as a hot bath ; they are both said to possess medicinal quali- 

 ties, and are considered useful in the cure of cutaneous disorders, — amongst others leprosy." 



Dr. Buchanan speaks of hot springs at Rishikunda and Bhimband in the trap mountains of Raj- 

 mahlf; and the Rev. Mr. Everest mentions a thermal spring associated with a trap bed at Kat- 

 camsan, between the 23rd and 24th parallels of latitude, and longitude 86° and 87°;};. Dr. Adam 

 mentions that ofSitakhund near Monghyr on the Ganges §. Dr. Davy speaks of one at Cannina, 

 Ceylon || ; and I am informed they are to be met with in Canara. Mr. Crow, formerly commercial 

 agent of the Bombay Government in Sinde, in his manuscript reports, mentions a thermal spring near 

 Corachee on the Indus, of which the water is almost boiling hot. In Major Cruickshank's manuscript 

 revenue map of part of Goojrat a hot spring is placed at Tooee, near Ruttenpoor on the Mhye 

 river, in latitude north 22° 49', and longitude east 73° 30' ; and there is another at Lawsoondra, 

 eighteen miles west-north-west of Tooee. These instances, which I am satisfied could be multi- 

 plied by diligent inquiry, afford ample proof of the wide occurrence in the peninsula of India of 

 those singular phgenomena, the satisfactory explanation of the causes of which is still a desideratum 

 in geology. 



* Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1833. t Gleanings of Science, vol. i. p. 36. 



+ Gleanings of Science, May 1831, p. 135. § Geol. Trans., 1st Series, vol. v. p. 349. 



II Geol. Trans., 1st Series, vol. v. p. 313. 

 VOL. IV. SECOND SERIES. 3 K 



