the Western Part of Asia Minor. 7 



granite. All the lower portions of the mountain which we explored, consist of 

 rocks of the schistose group. The ravine above the town of Brasa exhibits the 

 Section No. 2. The upper beds consist of fine-grained crystaUine marble, dip- 

 ping N.E. about 25°. The marble passes downwards into micaceous schist, ap- 

 proaching the texture of gneiss ; and it is penetrated by quartzose veins, which are 

 sometimes slightly granitic. 



A long ridge of schistose rocks runs to the westward from Mount Olympus, be- 

 tween the Rhyndacus and the Lake of Apollonia. The same formation also oc- 

 cupies the S. side of the Rhyndacus, till we enter the lacustrine basin of Har- 

 manjik. Throughout this district, the rugged hills of mica-schist and marble 

 scarcely admit of cultivation, and are for the most part covered with forests of 

 pine. 



(e.) The chain of Demirji (PI. III. Sec. 1, 4, 6, and Sketch 11). — We have no 

 evidence of the structure of the western part of this ridge ; but at Mumjik, on the 

 Macestus, the pebbles and boulders, brought down from its higher parts, consist 

 of quartz, gneiss, and a large-grained, micaceous granite. On the low part of this 

 ridge, S.E. of Simaul (Sec. 6), these older rocks are concealed by younger sand- 

 stones. We had no opportunity of visiting the lofty insulated mountain of Ak 

 Dagh ; but its appearance so greatly resembles that of the mountains of Argeeus 

 and Hassan Dagh, as to warrant the supposition, that it may be a vast trachytic 

 mountain analogous to those of Mont Dor and the Cantal. (See Geol. Proceedings, 

 vol. ii. p. 651.) The ridge connecting Ak Dagh to Morad Dagh is composed of 

 schistose rocks, and appears to be the eastern continuation of the Demirji range. 

 This ridge, which bounds the plain of Azani on the S., sends off, along the W. side 

 of the same plain, a branch, in which marble predominates. It probably joins 

 the mountain of micaceous schist which we crossed between Taushanli and Go- 

 zuljah. (See PI. III. Section No. 5.) 



(/.) Morad Dagh and Sultan Dagh. — The branch ranging westward from Morad 

 Dagh, between the Hermus and the Plain of Hushak, consists of schist with occa- 

 sional beds of marble. The same formation composes Bourgas Dagh, a ridge which 

 bounds the Plain of Hushak on the east, and is connected with Morad Dagh and 

 Sultan Dagh. Along the west foot of this ridge, we found an abundance of stra- 

 tified quartz rock, passing into micaceous schist. 



(g.) Mount Tmolus (PI. III. Sec. 3, 6, 12, and 13).— The portions of this 

 range, which we visited, consist of micaceous schist with occasional beds of 

 marble. At Nimphi, about fifteen miles east of Smyrna, mines of gold and silver 

 are recorded to have been worked in the Middle Ages; and we can hardly suppose 

 that the traditions respecting the golden sands of the Pactolus had not some found- 



