8 Mr. W. J. Hamilton and Mr. H. E. Strickland, on the Geology of 



ation in fact, although they have been unproductive since the time of Strabo*. 

 At present no metalliferous veins are worked in Mount Tmolus, but this may be 

 owing to the paralysing effects of ignorance and despotism, rather than to the 

 actual scarcity of the precious metals. 



The chain of Tmolus expands to the south-west of the Catacecaumene, and a 

 branch from it crosses the Hermus at Adala (PI. III. No. 13), and is probably 

 connected with the range of Demirji. About four miles west of Koola, we found 

 some coarse garnets inthe micaceous schist, — the only examples of that mineral, 

 which occurred to us in Asia Minor. The schistose rocks near Koola also abound 

 . in crystalline marble (PI. III. No. 12), which was extensively quarried in ancient 

 times near the village of Ghieurdiz ; and three lateral ridges of the same schistose 

 rocks extend to the northward in the district of the Catacecaumene, constituting, 

 as will be hereafter shown, some of the most remarkable features of that district. 

 At Aktash, between Koola and Takmak, a large crystal of oxide of titanium was 

 found, and veins of the same substance are disseminated through the micaceous 

 schist. 



(h.) Mount Messogis, (PL III. Sec. 3). — The mountains around Ephesus, 

 anciently called Gallesus, Prion, and Pactyas, abound in marble ; and the an- 

 cient cities of Metropolis and Ephesus were built on solid masses of it. The town 

 of Scala Nuova stands upon an insulated rock of blue marble, a portion of that 

 branch of Mount Messogis which stretches toward Ephesus, while the other 

 extends S.W. toward Mount Mycale. Marble is less abundant in the ridge of 

 Messogis Proper, and none was noticed in crossing from Aidin to Tireh. The 

 range here consists of pure mica-schist, occasionally penetrated with ferruginous 

 matter. On the north of Tireh the hillocks, which jut through the alluvial plain 

 of the Cayster, consist of schist and marble. 



(i.) ErythrcB. — In the bay of Ritri, opposite the island of Scio, Mr. Hamilton 

 found a great development of grey and blue crystalline limestone, resembling that 

 of Ephesus already described, and extending in a semicircular line round the ruins 

 of the ancient town. In many places all traces of stratification were obliterated ; 

 but near the ruins of Erythrae, he found thin vertical beds of limestone and in- 

 durated sandstone, with veins and small masses of quartz. Some of the beds are 

 much contorted, and the strike is nearly north and south. The AcropoUs stood 



* We were shown at Smyrna some specimens of rich copper ore, brought from the vicinity of Mount 

 Tartali ; but we could not learn whether they came from the schistose formation or from the Hippurite 

 limestone. 



For an account of Mount Tmolus and Mount Tartali, see Mr. Strickland's memoir on Smyrna, vol. v 

 p. 393. 



