the Western Part of Asia Minor. 13 



is another bed of conglomerate, containing chiefly boulders of greenstone and a greenish granitic rock, 

 together with rounded masses and pebbles of the grey scaglia, of which the neighbouring hills consist. 

 The igneous rocks were not observed in situ. 



2. Scaglia Limestone. — This formation is chiefly developed in the lofty ridges of Mount Atairo, the 

 ancient Mons Atabyrius, which rises to a height of 3500 or 4000 feet above the sea. The summit is a 

 narrow ridge above two miles in length from N.E. to S.W., which is nearly the direction of the axis of 

 the island. The beds all dip uniformly to the S.E., at angles of 15° or 20°, and present a steep 

 escarpment towards the N.W. The upper portion consists of thick-bedded grey scaglia without flints, 

 and is underlaid by a thinly laminated, schistose limestone with tabular masses or beds of flint, below 

 which again, the beds become thicker and the flints are nodular. These formations constitute the upper- 

 most 900 feet of the mountain, below which the scaglia limestone is interstratified with a red calcareous 

 shale or marly limestone, which is again succeeded by the thick-bedded limestone without flints. 



The Acropolis of the ancient town of Camiro on the east coast of the island, 

 six miles north of Lindo, is built upon an insulated table mass of white or cream- 

 coloured limestone, very compact, and with rather a conchoidal fracture ; and it 

 has every appearance of having once been an island before the tertiary formations, 

 by which its base is encircled, were raised above the surface of the waves. 



{h.) Deenair (lat. 38° 3', long. 30° 22'). — The same formation occurs at this 

 place near the sources of the Mseander, where it contains numerous Nummulites. 

 It is so extensively developed to the east and south-east, as to constitute the 

 greater part of the Mount Taurus range ; and Nummulites have also been found 

 in it near Adalia. 



The secondary deposits here described under one head, may ultimately prove to 

 have been formed at various epochs, but we are at present too imperfectly ac- 

 quainted with their organic remains to decide this point. The only fossils found 

 by us, are Hippurites and Nummulites, and these indicate a very recent secondary 

 date, equivalent to that of the Cretaceous system of Northern Europe. These 

 deposits appear to have been affected by the same movements as the schistose 

 rocks which underlie them ; and all our evidence on the subject leads to the in- 

 ference, that the mountain-chains of this country were elevated above the sea 

 towards the close of the secondary period. It is this circumstance, which has caused 

 that peculiar feature in the scenery of Asia Minor before adverted to, — the abrupt- 

 ness with which precipitous mountains rise out of horizontal plains (See ant^, p. 3). 

 We here find limestones of the Cretaceous age elevated into mountain-chains, which 

 rival in altitude those of the Carboniferous and Protozoic periods in Northern Europe. 

 Those younger secondary strata, which in Britain form tabular or undulating 

 hills, and conduct us gradually from the plains of Essex to the mountains of 

 Wales, have here undergone disturbances on the most gigantic scale. They have 

 also acquired a compactness of texture much more analogous to the Protozoic than 



