20 Mr. W. J. Hamilton and Mr. H. E. Strickland, on the Geology of 



might have been produced by the waves of the sea. However, they have so com- 

 plete an analogy to those on the north side of Mount Tmolus, that we are incUned 

 to refer them to the same origin, whatever it may be (PL HI. Sec. 3), 



In the valley of the Meeander, these accumulations of detritus form a zone of 

 broken hills, many hundred feet in height, which flank the schistose range of 

 Mount Messogis. They appear to have been afterwards modified by water at a 

 lower level than that wdiich originally produced them ; for horizontal platforms of 

 gravel rest against the sides of the loftier hills, at a height of about 200 feet above 

 the alluvial plain of the Mieander. The ancient town of Tralles stood on one of 

 these platforms, defended on three sides by an abrupt escarpment, and on the 

 fourth by its citadel, which was placed on the summit of a lofty peak of indurated 

 gravel and sand. The peculiarity of its situation is most accurately described by 

 Strabo, lib. xiv. c. 1. The gravel consists of rounded pebbles of quartz and mica- 

 schist, derived from the higher parts of Mount Messogis. 



It IS remarkable that of these tertiary deposits, so common elsewhere, no trace 

 has been noticed in the valley of the Cayster. This extensive vale is completely 

 insulated by the schistose ranges of Tmolus and Messogis, and the only exit for 

 its waters is through a narrow gorge into the sea at Ephesus. The absence of 

 these deposits renders it probable that the vale of the Cayster has been brought 

 into its present condition at a comparatively recent period ; or if contemporary 

 with the other valleys of the country, we may suppose that, from the absence of a 

 dam to retain its waters, no lacustrine deposit could accumulate. 



§ 5. Modern Aqueous Deposits. (PI. III. Sec. 2.) 



Under this head we have to notice only travertine accumulations and river al- 

 luvions. Of the former, a remarkable instance occurs at Brusa (PI. III. Sec. 2). 

 The hot springs which rise at the foot of Mount Olympus have the high tempera- 

 ture of 184° Fahr. ; and they constantly deposit travertine, a platform of which 

 extends about two miles from the springs, along the foot of Olympus, into the 

 town of Brusa. It is here about half a mile in width and 100 feet high. At 

 this end, there are no thermal sources at present, and it is probable that they 

 became stopped up by the calcareous deposit, and found a new exit at the point, 

 where they now flow. 



At Ilijah (lat. 39° 10'), in the upper valley of the Macestus, about seven miles 

 east of Singerli, are some thermal springs of a very high temperature, which have 

 formed extensive accumulations of fibrous and mammillated travertine. One 

 source is ejected a foot and a half above the top of a mound of travertine which 



