the Western Part of Asia Minor. 23 



(c.) Another example of greenstone occurred between Kesterlek and Edrenos, on 

 the south side of the Rhyndacus. It appears in the midst of the schistose forma- 

 tion, and is accompanied with red and brown jasper. We however saw no sec- 

 tions which exhibited its connexion with the schistose rocks, but we are disposed 

 to think that the jasper is an altered rock intervening between the greenstone and 

 the schist. 



On the south side of the basin of TaushanU, above Karjitash, some trappean 

 dykes were noticed in the schistose formation. 



§ 3. Trachytic and newer Trap Rocks. (PL III. Sec. 1, 4, 6, 9, and Sketch 10.) 



A remarkable feature in the geology of Asia Minor is the vast abundance of 

 trachytic rocks, which have been erupted at detached points throughout the coun- 

 try. They appear generally to occur in the sides or bottoms of the valleys, and 

 are frequently in contact with the tertiary formations. 



No instance occurred to us of rocks of this class, in the higher parts of the 

 schistose mountain-chains. From this circumstance, we consider the trachytic 

 rocks of the country to be all, or nearly all, of the tertiary period ; and it is pro- 

 bable, that their ejection was consequent on the breaking-up of the superficial crust 

 by the elevation of the mountain-chains, at the close of the secondary period. In- 

 deed, in some cases we have direct proof of the date of these eruptions by their 

 having broken up, injected and altered the tertiary formations. It is remarkable, 

 that in such cases the general horizontality of the tertiary strata remains undis- 

 turbed, the dislocations produced by the trachyte being confined to a few hun- 

 dred yards around the focus of eruption. We may hence infer, how insignificant 

 have been these volcanic operations in comparison with those forces, which could 

 elevate the secondary formation into lofty mountain-chains. 



We proceed to enumerate the chief localities at which we noticed this class of 

 rocks : 



(a.) On the north side of the lake of ApoUonia, about three or four miles N.E. 

 from the town of Abullionte (ancient Apollonia ad Rhyndacum), the hills consist 

 of red porphyritic trachyte containing imbedded crystals of glassy felspar (lat. 

 40° 10'). 



(6.) At Hammamli, near Kirmasli (lat. 39° 56', long. 28° 25'), is a mass of por- 

 phyritic trachyte of various colours. It forms an isolated hill not more than a 

 mile in extent, rising in the midst of tertiary limestones. 



(c.) Around the village of Eshen (lat. 39° 43', long. 29° 20'), between Harmanjik 

 and Taushanli, is an extensive patch of trappean rocks containing an abundance 

 of iron ore, and occasionally traversed with veins of carbonate'of magnesia. On 

 the north side of these igneous rocks, on the road to Harmanjik, a dyke of com- 



