ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. civ 



which for many years has distinguished the State and other geologists. 

 The Geological Map of Pennsylvania has been finished in spite of 

 many difficulties and the partial cessation of Government aid, by the 

 two brothers Rogers, and was exhibited by Professor H. D. Rogers 

 at the late Meeting of the British Association in Dublin. The rich 

 fossiliferous deposits of Nebraska, which some years ago excited 

 so much interest, from the numerous mammalian remains collected 

 and afterwards described by Professor Leidy, have been again dili- 

 gently investigated by Mr. P. B. Meek and Dr. P. V. Hayden. The 

 attention of these able observers was first drawn to this region by 

 Professor Hall, and they have been very successful in their re- 

 searches. Their great object was to determine a parallelism of the 

 Cretaceous formation of Nebraska with that of other portions of the 

 United States' territory, and also to determine the true position of 

 the Tertiary formations. 



By the map which accompanies the account of their labours, it 

 appears that on the S.E. corner of the Nebraska district Carboniferous 

 rocks appear, that they are succeeded by the Cretaceous, and finally 

 by the Tertiary deposits. Many new fossils are described, but as 

 they are not figured, and are to appear in a report to be published 

 by Dr. Warren, I shall merely state the general conclusions at which 

 Dr. Hayden and Mr. Meek have arrived from the affirmative evi- 

 dence of the fossils present, as well as the negative evidence of the 

 fossils absent. 



Prom the marked typical difference between the organic remains 

 of the principal fossiliferous Cretaceous deposits of the south-west 

 and those of the Upper Cretaceous beds of Nebraska, Alabama, and 

 New Jersey, differences which cannot be wholly explained by local 

 peculiarities, whether zoological or physical, the authors conclude 

 that they belonged to different geological horizons, or, in other 

 words, lived during different epochs. 



The formations in New Jersey and Alabama are on a parallel with 

 the upper and lower members of the Nebraska section, whilst those 

 of Kansas, Arkansas, Texas, and New Mexico are on a parallel with 

 the middle and lower portions. The Nebraska section, therefore, 

 exhibits the fullest development of the Cretaceous formation in the 

 United States. 



In the Tertiary, Mr. Meek and Dr. Hayden come to the conclu- 

 sion that the mammalian fossils formerly ascribed to the Eocene 

 must be transferred to the Miocene ; and there is no evidence of the 

 existence of any Tertiary deposit in Nebraska older than that for- 

 mation. I regret that I cannot devote more space to the works of 

 these indefatigable observers, who have already made known to us 

 the existence of a Permian deposit, in addition to the present and 

 other works of geological interest. 



Referring now to another region of the world, I may observe 

 that I have heard from our fellow-member Mr. Oldham on his 

 voyage back to India, and that he expresses himself with enthusiasm 

 as to his hopes of future success, and his full confidence in the 

 arrangements and the support of the East India Company. I have 



