1857.] ANSTED — ANDALUSIA. 131 



the calamite-grit next alluded to. It corresponds in position with 

 the conglomerates or passage-beds between the shales and red sand- 

 stones near Malaga. 



3. Above the magnesian limestone just described, or immediately 

 over the conglomerates, the author observed a considerable series of 

 whitish marly sandstones, marls, red sandstones, white sandstones 

 with vegetable-markings and occasional lenticular masses of gypsum, 

 extending along the coast from some distance west of Malaga to the 

 eastern side of the Sierra Nevada. Near Malaga, at one spot, cala- 

 mites (Equisetites) have been obtained from a quarry of white sand- 

 stone used for building-purposes, near the top of the series. Speci- 

 mens of these were exhibited. A band of lignite of no value has 

 been opened in the lower part of the red sandstone series, near the 

 hill of San Telmo. 



4. Next in order are the blue and black limestones of the Sierra 

 de Gador, and others of the north side of the Sierra Nevada, both 

 passing into whiter and cream-coloured limestones towards the west, 

 and in the neighbourhood of Gibraltar becoming pale, clear, and semi- 

 crystalline. A few fossils have been found in this limestone at Gib- 

 raltar, some of which were shown. Others have been met with, but 

 very rarely, at intermediate points between Gibraltar and Granada. 

 Although the limestones of the Sierra de Gador and others in that 

 vicinity are highly crystalline and metamorphosed, and are traversed 

 by large veins and fissures containing enormous deposits of galena, 

 the author is satisfied that they are not more ancient than the 

 middle secondary period, and form a continuous series along the 

 whole line of coast. 



5. Cretaceous rocks have been described on the summit of San 

 Anton, a few miles from Malaga, and they are believed to range into 

 the interior. The author described the appearance of the red marble 

 of San Anton, containing Belemnites, which are not yet specifically 

 determined. 



6. Older tertiaries are known to exist near Malaga. The author 

 described a peculiar calcareous breccia, forming a semi-crystalline 

 bed of limestone, reposing on the cretaceous and Jurassic rocks, near 

 Malaga, and covered by a very perfect compact oolitic limestone, 

 capable of taking a high polish, and almost a marble. This bed lies 

 over the limestone-breccia, and beneath or alongside a foraminifera- 

 bearing limestone, composed of Orbitoides and Alveolina, and also 

 extremely compact. It belongs to the Nummulitic limestone series. 

 It was traced by the author to some distance. 



7. The vicinity of Malaga presents a large space occupied entirely 

 with newer tertiary rocks, and these extend at intervals up the water- 

 courses and river-valleys, and along the coast both east and west. 

 They have been already described to some extent by Col. Silvertop 

 and other geologists, but it is only lately that the author was enabled 

 to discover beds richly fossiliferous, which will enable the Palaeonto- 

 logist to decide absolutely with regard to the relative age of these 

 rocks. The following sequence of the rocks belonging to the newer 

 tertiary and recent periods is suggested by the author as justified by 



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