208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [June 17, 



This cliff is also capped by about 10 feet of rubbly oolitic sand- 

 stone, c, like that at the cliff near Kanara, and containing similar 

 fossils. If this, as I conjecture, be an Eocene bed, it is here a mere 

 remnant of that group. 



The chalk-cliffs gradually decrease in elevation from the village of 

 Kanara, and altogether disappear a little beyond Pallas, where the 

 superficial red marls replace them, and form the sea-cliffs to Kus- 

 tenjeh. 



This group of maris, of the superficial series, are well developed 

 in the cliffs both to the north and south of Kustenjeh. To the north 

 of it, the cliffs are more than 100 feet high, and entirely composed 

 of these marls. Some of the strata are dark umber-brown, and 

 contain nodules of soft chalk, also bands and crystals of gypsum ; 

 but there are no gravels — no indication here of their having been 

 deposited in waters under any violent movement. To this the soft 

 chalk-nodules are the only exception, showing probably an agitation 

 or current, and appear to have been derived from the proximate 

 chalk-deposits, before described. But I saw no heavy nodules of 

 indurated chalk, or of chalk-flint, such as would indicate any violent 

 aqueous movement. These deposits, filling up the denuded hol- 

 lows and valleys which existed on the surface of the Cretaceous and 

 early Tertiary ridges, are destitute of fossils, and seem to be due to 

 a rapid deposition from highly-charged waters. And this also seems 

 to be indicated by the absence of such a uniform and constant 

 series of strata as may be expected to occur in slowly-formed 

 deposits. 



When I partially described the Kustenjeh marls*, I was not able 

 to separate them into two distinct groups. But further researches 

 more to the south have enabled me to discover that the probably 

 freshwater deposits of the lower series, in which I procured a frag- 

 ment of an Elephant's tusk, and some casts of a Cyclas-like bivalve, 

 do not pass into the overlying series of reddish-brown marls. 



My conjecture of the freshwater origin of the lower portion of the 

 deposits to the south of Kustenjeh is confirmed by my discovering 

 more terrestrial and probably freshwater-shells in them ; and thus 

 they are identified with the upper series of freshwater deposits, which 

 I have noticed as covering a fragment of the early Tertiary at Baljikf , 

 where they are more than 100 feet in thickness, and 500 feet above 

 the sea. But at Kustenjeh they are only observed at the sea-level, 

 and from 30 to 40 feet above it. 



I therefore take this opportunity of correcting my former section of 

 the Kustenjeh deposits by the one given at p. 209, with fuller details. 



The lowest bed is about 5 feet of yellowish- white oolitic limestone, 

 c, fig. 4, with marine fossils. This is apparently of the Eocene age, and 

 much resembles the oolitic rocks near Varnaf and Sevastopol. The 



* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xiii. p. 78. 



f Loc. cit. p. 77. 



X In the opinion of M. Abich, For. Mem. G. S., who has carefully examined 

 the fossils from the neighbourhood of Varna, these deposits are of Miocene age. — 

 Ed. Q. J. G. S. 



