210 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [June 17, 



When both lie nearly horizontal, they appear to be conformable, as 

 in the cliff about one mile south of Kustenjeh. Here I saw, in 

 ascending order, 1st, 10 feet of a greenish-grey marl, with indurated 

 nodules of marlstone, and sometimes chalky nodules, but not derived 

 apparently from any foreign locality ; also crystals of gypsum, and 

 casts of a Cyclas or Cyrena ; 2nd, an indurated band, from 2 inches 

 to 1 foot thick, filled with casts of a small Paludina ; 3rd, 5 or 6 feet 

 of grey marl, with bands of marlstone ; 4th, 20 feet of greenish-grey 

 marls, with broken layers of marlstone, forming slabs and nodules, 

 in which are found casts of a bivalve (CylasV), also an occasional 



Fig. 5. 



Section of part of the Cliff half a mile South-west of 

 Kustenjeh. 



3. Brown and reddish marls (continuing to the height of 

 70 feet above). 



gr^r^ p ^— -^ jz ^~ 2. Dark-brown clay with chalky nodules. 



1 . Reddish- white light marl. 



5. Greenish-grey marl with Helices. 



4. Greenish-grey marls with Helix and Cyrena? 



3. Grey marl and marlstone. 

 2. Band of small Paludina. 

 1 . Greenish marl, with nodules ; Cyrena ? 



J 



About 

 ' 30 feet. 



Helix, similar to the one found in the freshwater deposits over 

 Baljik * ; 5th, a more indurated stratum of the greenish-grey marls, 

 from 2 to 3 feet thick, and replete with Helices. This is also some- 

 times pisolitic, and its indurated character is evidently due to the 

 aggregation of the fossils. The shells, probably, were not accumu- 

 lated by any violent action of the waters from currents or drift, but 

 lived at the bottom during a late period of the lake, when it seems 

 to have been very shallow, and perhaps, in consequence, subject to 

 stronger superficial currents, from local winds and local torrents. 

 Hence the associated land- shells and lacustrine shells were thus 

 mingled together in accidental groups ; as no doubt must occur often 

 at the bottom of shallow tideless waters proximate to land prolific with 

 vegetation and land-shells. This condition must have existed on the 

 old chalk-ridges that formerly bordered the lake not far from these 



* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xiii. p. 77. 



