2IC PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [June 17, 



The localities* at which I have found freshwater fossils, in proof 

 of my arguments, are as follows : — Cape Hellas, where the marls 

 and sandstones contain Cyrena or Cyclas ; under Yenisher, on the 

 Asiatic side, I have found cast of Uniones and Cyrence ? in the neigh- 

 bourhood of Arenkeui f ; over Nagara Point, Unio and a ribbed bi- 

 valve (Cardium) similar to that in Tenedos, with Paludina and 

 Planorbis ; the same at Meitos with fossil leaves and other plant- 

 remains. Also Unio and a Melanopsis similar to that in Tenedos are 

 to be obtained in great abundance in a bed of sandy marl over Kiled 

 Bahar, the European castle of the Dardanelles. 



[In a letter to the Assistant Secretary, dated June 12, 1857, 

 Capt. Spratt states : — 



" In a walk up to the village of Arenkeui, over the site of our 

 hospital, I found the deposits to be precisely similar to those on the 

 north side of the Dardanelles, and to consist of thick-bedded 

 yellowish-brown sands and sandy marls, with an occasional stratum 

 of sandstone. Towards the top, they pass into peaty marls, marl- 

 stone, and fine sands, brown, red, or cream-coloured. The fossils 

 occur at different elevations, and comprise both the Cyrena"! and 

 Melanopsis which occur at Tenedos and Baljik. 



" The fossil teeth, found by Mr. Calvert, were taken from the lower 

 part of the group of sandy marl immediately below the village. "" 



The following is a section across the Dardanelles, from the hill over 



* The specimens sent by Capt. Spratt from the Dardanelles and Sea of Mar- 

 mora comprise — 1. Blue sandy clay with Corbulee (?),Cape Hellas, entrance of Dar- 

 danelles ; 2. yellowish earthy limestone, mainly composed of fine shell-grit, with 

 plant-remains (like a portion of a leaf-scarred trunk), and Unio and Paludina, 

 from the European side of the Dardanelles ; 3. hard, grey, earthy limestone, full 

 of Cyprida, Paludina, Unio, and fluted Cardium (Adacna), from the European 

 side of the Dardanelles ; 4. soft yellowish limestone, with Adacna, — hard fer- 

 ruginous, laminated sandstone, with Adacna, Cyrena (?), Unio, Melanopsis, oper- 

 cula of small Paludina, and Cypridce, — and soft buff shell-grit with Cypridce, 

 from Nagara Point ; 5. buff-coloured shell-grit, with harder crystalline seams, 

 containing Melania and Nerita, from Genokora Point, entrance to the Sea of 

 Marmora ; 6. white crystalline limestone with Cyrena, and subcrystalline, porous, 

 and marly white limestone, containing casts of small bivalves and Melanopsis, 

 and shells of Neritina retaining colour, from near Cape Stephano, Sea of Mar- 

 mora ; 7. from Ereke, Sea of Marmora, olive-green, irregularly laminated, mica- 

 ceous sandstone, with dicotyledonous leaves and fragments of plants ; 8. from 

 Marmora Island, white quartzite (rounded fragments), whitish-grey syenite 

 (waterworn fragments), and two varieties of mica-schist ; 9. from Kutali, Sea of 

 Marmora, pinkish-grey syenite.— Edit. 



f Similar fossils, with numerous fossil bones, have been obtained by our Con- 

 sul, Mr. Calvert ; but I have not seen them, and I am informed that the Medical 

 Staff and the Architect of the Arenkeui hospital have taken to England some of 

 these Mammalian remains. — T. S. 



Mr. Calvert, the brother of the Consul, has obliged the Assistant Secretary with 

 the following particulars relating to these fossil bones. The sides of a ravine or 

 valley between Arenkeui and where the Hospital was, and running down to the 

 sea, are formed of horizontal beds of sand and sandstone ; in the former a portion 

 of an elephantine jaw, with two teeth in place, was found ; and on the higher 

 ground, about 3 miles from the edge of the valley, some fragments of fossil ivory 

 were found near the surface. The bottom of the valley appeared to be formed of 

 sandstone debris, covering blue clay and red marl. — Edit. 



