1857-] SPRA.TT — FRESHWATER TERTIARIES, LEVANT. 



21 



Meitos to Nagara Point, through an isolated tabular mass of con- 

 glomerate, which here caps the freshwater marls at an elevation of 

 about 100 feet above the sea, but contains no fossils. 



Fig. 3. — Section across the Dardanelles. 



Plain of 

 Abydos. 



Fort and Hill 



over 

 Nagara Point 



W. 



flill over Cham Tabia, 

 near Meitos. 



a. A conglomerate of rounded pebbles of limestones, schists, and shales, similar 

 to rocks which occur near Lampsaki. 



b. Marls and sands, containing freshwater fossils. (500 feet thick ou the west 

 side of the Dardanelles.) 



This conglomerate, «, contains no fossils like those of the mass of 

 similar conglomerate, 70 or 80 feet thick, which forms the Promon- 

 tory of Gallipoli ; the latter I have before noticed * as containing 

 fragments of a large Dreissena and a Cardium, as well as being 

 capped by a thin stratum of sandy marl, in which these fossils occur 

 more abundantly, both entire and broken. 



The south shore of the entrance to the Sea of Marmora, from 

 Lampsaki to Cape Karabournou, opposite Kutali Island, and around 

 to the mouth of the Granicus, is composed chiefly of steep ridges of 

 older rocks (limestones and shales), with volcanic protrusions, and 

 detached fragments of the Tertiary deposits. 



The north shore from Gallipoli is composed of marls and sands, 

 which seem to be identical with the freshwater series ; and at 

 Ganakhora, opposite to Marmora Island, about 50 feet of the marly 

 deposits are capped by a bed of conglomerate, formed of rolled 

 pebbles, with broken shells of Dreissena and Cardium, as at Gallipoli. 



In a hasty visit to Erekli and Scliori, to determine the proper sites 

 for lighthouses on that shore, I observed the same marly and sandy 

 deposits ; and amongst the ruins at the former locality, I found that 

 some of the ancient buildings had been built of a concreted mass of 

 bivalves like large Dreissence ; I could not learn from whence it came, 

 but I think Rodosto. 



I could find no shells in the sandstones and marls at Scliori to in- 

 dicate positively its freshwater origin ; but I procured some fossil 

 leaves, which were abundant near the upper part of the cliff to the 

 east of the town. All along this shore, the Tertiary deposits have 

 frequently a dip from 5° to 15°, but with no constant direction. 



At Bujuk Tchekmejeh the marly cliffs contain a bed of lignite, 

 with casts of freshwater shells in the associated marls. Cape Stephano 

 is composed of white and yellow marls, about 25 feet thick, in some 

 parts chalky and calcareous, with irregular nodules and concretions. 

 I was doubtful whether this was not an early and lower member of 

 * Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xiii. p. 82. 



