BIGSBY PALAEOZOIC ROCKS OF NEW YORK. 391 



We find several fossil plants, especially towards the top of the 

 group. Some of them are marine, and some resemble those of the 

 coal-beds. Of these the TJphantcenia Chemungensis possesses a beau- 

 tiful and complex structure ; and is therefore indicative, like the 

 genera Sphenopteris, Sigillaria, and Calamites (which occur here), 

 of a temperature somewhat elevated, and favourable to a fauna of 

 large and ornamented forms, such as we have here. Many of the 

 fossil plants of Chemung have drifted from the east ; but others 

 are too well preserved to have travelled far (Hall). 



There are here 58 species of Brachiopoda (see Table VII.). There 

 are 57 Brachiopoda in the closely-allied group, the Hamilton. In 

 the same manner, the Monomyaria of the two groups are of nearly 

 the same strength ; but the Dimyaria are ten times the most numerous 

 in the older group. 



There are here three species of Zoophytes, as far as I can collect, 

 namely Millepora gracilis, a Petraia, and an undetermined Cya- 

 thophyllum. There is also one undetermined Retepora. 



Among the Echinodermata we have only the Echinusl Drydenensis 

 and the Encrinus tricyclas. While the Echinoderms, Trilobites, and 

 Cephalopoda are disappearing as we ascend in the paleeozoic scale, 

 the number of Aviculce and Pectines increase. With De Verneuil, 

 we wonder at seeing these two genera, so plentiful in the Devonian 

 and Carboniferous epochs, come down to the recent period without 

 losing their importance, but leaving in every great formation such 

 numerous representatives. The Chemung has one very important 

 Cephalopod, the Goniatites Chemungensis. There are three Trilobites , 

 but only in fragments ; two of them being derived from the Hamilton 

 group. 



The original races in this group present 83 species ; 21 have been 

 received from prior strata, 12 of them being Brachiopoda (see 

 Table VII.). We know of no fossil being transmitted to the Cats- 

 kill Group, the American representative of the Old Red Sandstone 

 of Europe. 



At Ithaca the fossils are numerous, but not well preserved. Here 

 is found the Strophomena Ithacensis. In the lower part of the mass 

 at Ithaca are three or four species of Cypricardites, a shell resembling 

 the Clymenia of Phillips, some Atrypce, &c, together with a singular 

 branching nondescript fossil ; also, indistinct but long traces of 

 plants of a lanceolate, and sometimes falciform, shape. The Fu- 

 coides Cauda-galli is seen in De Ruyter, in Smyrna, and in Waverley 

 Sandstone (Dr. Locke) . For a general list of the fossils, see the Table 

 of Devonian Fossils. 



Fossils occurrent in Europe. — Twenty-six Chemung fossils, or 

 one quarter of the whole, are found in Europe; and most of them, if 

 not all, are Devonian in that hemisphere. Nineteen of them are 

 Brachiopoda, of the genera and species usually found in the Upper 

 Silurian stage and the Devonian system. Many very important 

 families among the Plantae, Zoophyta, Crustacea, Cephalopoda, &c, 

 are but poorly represented in Europe in these rocks ; but still, after all, 

 the number of European fossils met with in Chemung is great, and 



