1858.] 



ROSALES BALLAARAT. 



543 



on which he had founded the genus Nototherium, with one species 

 of which, N. Mitchelli, the cranium in question agrees in size. 



5. On the Gold-Diggings at Ballaarat. By Henrique 

 Bosales, Esq. (In a letter to "W. W. Smyth, Esq., Sec. G.S.) 



" By the aid of machinery, and through the alteration of the mining- 

 regulations granting extended claims, the old ground has been pro- 

 fitably re-worked : and, by the introduction of the frontage-system, 

 which, according to the difficulties to be overcome, grants extensive 

 claims on new ground, the present ' leads, 5 most of which are N.W. 

 of the Gravel Pits, under the townships, are advantageously worked. 

 The amalgamation of three or more claims is also allowed, the miners 

 having then to put down only one shaft. 



"The engines most in use are stationary, of from 15 to 20 horse- 

 power, with winding and reversing gear. To the end of the winding- 

 gear-shaft is attached the crank for the pump ; and the motion is also 

 taken to drive a puddling machine, which is nothing but the arrastra 

 working without mercury. The depth of sinking averages about 

 300 feet, of which in some instances there are as much as 200 of 

 basalt to be cut through. 



"At the junctions of the Frenchman's and White Horse Leads, in 

 the Eldorado, the remains of a tree were found in an undisturbed 

 position, with the roots fast in the wash- dirt. 



"It might also be interesting to you to know that at Poverty 

 Point the deep gold-channel, with a N.W. strike (figs. 1 & 2, 1,1), is 



Fig. 2. — Vertical plan of the 

 "Runs." 



Fig. 1 . — Horizontal plan of 

 the "Runs." 



Wff 



Y 



1. Present water-course, atTthe surface. 



2. An older water-course, or "run." 



3. The oldest and lowest " run," or " gold-channel." 



crossed at about 140 feet higher by the shallow gold-channel (2,2), 

 which has a strike of N.E. by E., and which again, in its turn, is 

 crossed at a level of 20 or 30 feet still higher, by the present water- 

 course (3,3), the strike of which is W." 



