NO. 12 



SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I9I7 



79 



Fk;. 80. — One of several ladders inadt,- fmni tin- iiotclud 

 trunks of cedar trees and placed in the open cnuris, as snl)- 

 stitutes for series of shallow steps. Similar huldcrs are 

 still in use amouK some of the mndcrn pucliln villa.ues of 

 New Mexico and Arizona. 



