XO. 2 



SMITHSOXIAX EXPLORATIONS, I918 



79 



It was found that the artificial heaps of stones in the Montezuma 

 A'alley and the mesa north of the McEhno are arranged in ckisters 

 forming" villages like the Mummy Lake Group on the Mesa \ erde. 

 All component mounds of a group are the remains of buildings con- 

 structed on the same general plan, their size depending on the number 

 of component unit types or kivas. The characteristic form of a unit 

 type with fotir kivas is shown in Far \'iew House, illustrated in the 

 account of field-work for 1916. There is every reason to sitppose 

 that a like clustering of small pueblos into villages occurs on the 

 Mesa A'erde, throughout Montezuma \"alley, and on the summits of 

 the mesa north of the McElmo. 



m. 





Fig. 90. — Mound on Santa Fe Ranch, near 1 oi>ila. W-ra Cruz. Courtesy of 

 Drs. Adrian, Staul), and Mr. Muir. 



Chronologicall}- arranged, the classification of ancient habitations 

 in the McElmo, arlopted as a restilt of recent field-work, is as follows : 

 (I) Single houses with walls constructed of rude cyclo])ean 

 masonry, stone slabs or megaliths set on end. ( _' ) \ illagcs in cliPfs 

 or in the ()])en, com])osed of units of the same structure in chisters 

 or consolidated, each unit being composed of a characteristic circu- 

 lar ki\a with vaulted roof embedded in rectangular rooms. Towers 

 and great houses, either isolated cjr united, are sometime-- foinid in 

 this groti]), which is a prehistoric l>]»e, now extinct, the liigliest 

 attained b\- the I'ueblos. (3) The ini.xeil tN-jie of architectin"e, foinid 

 ill modern pueblos, has no embeflded circul.ir kixa^, ;ind marks an 

 ej)och of decline in hinise building larL.;ely thw to .admixture or in- 

 tUience of other tribes. 

 6 



