NO. I SMITIISOXIAX EXPLORATIONS, I919 47 



A suniniarv of the results so far ()l)taine(l from the Ijreechnq' 

 experiments has recently been puljhshed as a bulletin b\- the C arnei^ie 

 Institution. The results are rather startling', and inchne one. con- 

 trary to the views previously held liy most ])eoiile. to the belief that 

 Cerions are not easily influenced, if at all, by environmental factors. 

 The cross obtained in the Xewtound Harbor colony opens u]) an 

 entirelv new vista in the ])robleni of speciation. and it was this which 

 was res])onsible for the slarliuL;' of the new set (jf breeding" 

 experiments. 



Incidental to these investigations, which have been conducted since 

 1912. a list of the birds observed on the various keys has been kept 

 and publishecl annually in the Year Book of the Carnegie Institution. 



FIELD \\ORK OX THE MESA \'ERDE NATIONAL PARK, 

 COLORADO 



The field-work of Dr. J. Walter Fewkes, Chief of the Bureau of 

 American Ethnology, at the Mesa \'erde National Park, in the sum- 

 mer of 1919. was devoted to the excavation and repair of the i)ic- 

 turesque clitt dwelling". Square Tower House, known for many years 

 as Peabody House, and two low jirehistoric mounds situated among 

 the cedars on top of the jilateau. I'his work was a continuation of 

 that of previous years and was carried on in coo])er,ition with the 

 National Park Service of the Department of the Interior. As S{|uare 

 Tower House has several unique structural featmes, the summer's 

 work has added to the educational attractions of the Park. At least 

 two new types of hitherto unknown small-house ruins were dis- 

 covered, and it is believed that a new ])age has been added to the 

 history of the Mesa Wrde cliff ])eo])le. Dr. Fewkes was assisted in 

 his field-work by Mr. Ral]>h Linton, a tem])orary assistant, who con- 

 tributed much to the success of the work. 



The main object was to gather d.at.i that ma\- .aid one to better coni- 

 ])rehend the Indian civilization that arose, flourished on the Mi'sa 

 \'erde. and dis.ap])eared from the plateau over four centuries ;igo. 



.""Square Tower House is situ.'itcd in ;i nIkiHow cave at the hr.id of 

 a spur of Xavaho ("anxon o])po^ite I'.cho ( liU. about _• miles south 

 of .Spruce Tree (amp. it has long been consideind li\ lourists oni' ot 

 the most attractive clilf d\\illinL;s ot the jiark, but its in,uHessil)ilit\ 

 has deterred all but the most veiUuresome from descending to it from 

 the rim of the canyon. Part of the ()ld Indian tr.iil ( lig. 47 ) was indi- 

 cated b\' shallow foot hoK-s cut in the almost ])erpeiidicul;ir clilTs. and 

 ]»revious to the past siimnu-r this was the onl\' means of .access. 



