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S.MITHSONIAX M ISCKLLAXEOIS COLLECTIONS 



VOL. 



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It has, however, an instructive feature the}' do not i)ossess. viz., 

 cists made of slahs of stone set on edge. Evidences are accumulat- 

 ing- of a cuhure antecedent to the ])ure pueblo type in which vertical 

 masonry predominates, but we must await more knowledge of the 

 construction of the houses of this epoch before speculating on the 

 earlv relations of the l)uilders of vertical and horizontal masonrv. 



Fig. 65. — Square Tower House repaired, as seen from the west. Photo- 

 graph l)y T. G. Letnmon. 



ARCHEOLOGICAL EXC.WATIONS IN ARIZONA 

 In continuation of work in Arizona for the Bureau of American 

 Ethnology, Dr. Walter Hough began excavation of an im])ortant 

 ruin in ( irasshopper Valley, 14 miles west of Cibecue on the White 

 ^^lountain Apache Reservation, Arizona, 'i'he ruin consists of two 

 great mounds covered with brush and showing" portions of walls. 



The inhabitants, as shown by the skeletal remains, were Pueblo 

 Indians. Among the discoveries were a tem])orary camping i)lace 

 of a clan while their houses were being constructed ; the use of heavy 

 masonry retaining walls to ])revent the thrust in the earth covered 

 with the great structure of the ])ueblo ; and the determination that 

 the house plans, sometimes called " foundations," and thought to be 

 imfinished structiu'es, are remains of o]ien air sheds, such as those 

 now in use by the Pimas. The presence of two very large debris 



