REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQO/ 



201 



become abundant, they may be very destructive. The following 

 are the more important papers dealing with the injurious 

 species : 



1892 Webster, F. M. Craneflies: Leather Jackets. O. Agr. Exp. Sta. 



Bui. 46, p. 238-47. (Fig. of egg, larva and pupa and adult T i p u 1 a 

 b i c o r n i s and of adult Pachyrina sp. ?) 



1893 Methods of Oviposition in Tipulidae. O. Agr. 



Exp. Sta. Tech. Ser. 1:151-54, pi. i, fig. 4-7, pi. 2, fig. i, 2 



1896 Hopkins, A. D. & Rumsey, W. E. The Meadow Maggots. W. Va. 

 Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 44, p. 258 



1898 Bruner, L. Craneflies Attacking Clover. Neb. State Bd Agr. 



Rep't of Entomol. p. 256-57. (Discusses habits and remedies) 



1899 Ewert Paper in Zeitschr. f. Pflanzenkrank. 9:328-2329. (Reviewed 



in Exp. Sta. Record, 11:1066) 

 1901 Fuchs, F. Ueber einige neue Forstschadliche Tipulidenarten. 

 (Summary in Centralbl. Bakter. Abt. IT. 6:573) 



It appears from the foregoing American papers that the in- 

 jury from crane fly larvae in meadows is easiest controlled by 

 rotation of crops. 



Figure 6 is the larvae of a mud inhabiting species; those 

 that dwell in moist soil are, as a rule, similar in form, with 

 less of color pattern and with much shorter appendages about 



cfv^^»- 



Fig. 8 Crane fly larvae: alarva of P e di ci a albivitta; b head from below; c caudal end 

 from above of the same ; d ventral view of end of abdomen of larva of Epiphragma 

 fascipennis, showing protruded rectal gills ; e larva ofRaphidolabis tenuipes 



the end of the body. The pupae [fig. 7] are formed in the 

 end of the larval burrow, the head end usually projecting up- 

 ward near the surface of the soil. On plates 31 and 32 are shown 

 the stages of development in a species that lives under the 

 wet bark of trees and rotting logs [repeated from N. Y. State 



