REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 229 



the anterior side of Cu^, marking the point of their former 

 separation. 



The cubital vein is always two branched, and is the most 

 constant of the veins of the wing. Its anterior branch Cu^ is 

 always deflected forward at the fork, toward a backward de- 

 flection of M'*+^. The posterior branch is often recurved 

 at the tip, and is rarely (as in certain tropical species of Eriocera 

 and Mongoma) [pi. 21, fig. 6] fused with the tip of the first 

 anal. The further changes in this vein are connected with the 

 elimination of the medio-cubital cross vein and will be dis- 

 cussed later. 



The second anal vein is branched in Podoneura [pi. 21, fig. 3] 

 and apparently also (and still more deeply) in Peripheroptera 

 [pi. 28, fig. 4], if I rightly interpret this figure as showing a 

 first anal vein greatly reduced. I am quite unacquainted with 

 the species except for this figure. There is a very short branch 

 at the tip in the aberrant Australian Limnophila, figured by 

 Skuse [Linn. Inst. N. S. Wales. Proc. (2) vol. 4, pi. 22\ ; 

 and in a number of our commonest crane flies [such, for ex- 

 ample, as Helobia, pi. 24, fig. i] the tip of it is very like that of 

 Podoneura with the posterior branch of the fork eliminated ; and 

 in Trichocera [pi. 19, fig. 4] its strong recurvature resembles 

 that of Podoneura with the other or anterior branch eliminated. 

 Possibly, the supposed supernumerary cross vein between the 

 anal veins in Discobola [pi. 28, fig. i] may be the anterior tip of 

 A^, deflected and fused with A^. 



The third anal vein appears to be present, and distinct and 

 free from the anal margin only in the Florissant fossil crane 

 fly Cladoneura [pi. 22, fig. i]. 



Cross veins. I have already indicated by name the five 

 cross veins that I regard as typical for Tipulidae: the humeral (/i), 

 the radial (r), the radio-medial (r-m), the median (m) , and the 

 medio-cubital (m-cu). 



There are perhaps a few others that should have been taken 

 into account, situated at the base of the wing on the posterior side. 

 The foremost of these with which the base of the median vein 

 is intimately bound up, extending between radius and cubitus, 

 is doubtless the same as the arculus in other orders. The others 

 have been called collectively and without discrimination, axillary 

 cross veins. My material being largely published figures, has not 

 been adequate for their study. No attention has yet been paid 

 to them. 



