Mr. Weaver on the Geological Relations of the South of Ireland. 39 



river, as may be seen in the map; but the stratification is often ill developed. 

 On the east of Mallow there appears a disposition to the northerly dip. Ap- 

 proaching Fermoy the strata incline toward the south, conformably with the 

 old red sandstone in Kilworth mountain, in which quarter, viz. in the defile 

 called Araglen, may be remarked an outlying portion of the carboniferous 

 limestone, about two miles in extent, the connexion of which with the same 

 formation in the vale of the Blackwater, appears to have been interrupted by 

 denuding- causes. Near Lismore the dip is also to the south ; but between 

 Cappoquin and Dungarvan bay the strata appear to form an arched inflection 

 from north to south, abrupted at the surface, and hence showing a northern 

 and southern dip on the sides, with nearly vertical strata intervening. In 

 Ballynacourty Point, which forms the northern side of Dungarvan bay, and in 

 the ledge of rocks stretching out eastward into the sea, the limestone strata are 

 arranged according to a semicircular flexure, the dip being successively to the 

 north, the east, and the south. The limestone alternates in some parts with 

 slate clay. 



On the other hand, the greywacke and slate ranges, which immediately 

 flank on the north and the south, the vale of Dungarvan, and the line of the 

 Blackwater higher up to the west, generally dip 70° to 75° toward the south. 



(53.) In the northern and more central portion of our field, the limestone is 

 supported by the old red sandstone, being inclined, where contiguous to that 

 formation ; but in the plains it more nearly approaches to the horizontal position, 

 as at Ballydaniel, two miles north of Broadford, and at Newcastle, in the line of 

 the river Arrow, yet it is subject to local inflections at higher angles, arising 

 from undulations in the strata. The same appearances are observable in pro- 

 ceeding further north toward the Shannon, and north-east toward Limerick. 



(54.) The limestone of our tract is frequently continuous over a large area; 

 but, as already shown, it occasionally alternates with slate-clay or shale, as in 

 the central part of the district, at the Broadford quarries, two miles west from 

 Drumcuflaghar. It is also associated with lydian stone, hornstone, black car- 

 bonaceous shale, trap, and porphyry. 



Its association with lydian stone is well developed in the hilly ground ad- 

 jacent to the south side of the Guestin river, above its confluence with the 

 Laune, containing, as in the Listry quarry, beds of that substance, from a 

 few inches to three and four feet thick. The dip is to the north, while on the 

 opposite side or right bank of the stream, as at Lisinvane, the dip is to the 

 south, the beds consisting chiefly of brown shale, lydian stone, and horn- 

 stone, with others of black limestone. This part of the stream appears to run 

 in a concavity formed by an undulation of the strata. 



