48 Mr. Weaver on the Geological Relations of the South of Ireland. 



strata are continuous, 2 to 3^ feet thick, bluish or blackish grey, dipping to all 

 points of the compass 25° to 30°, and containing lydian stone in beds, veins, 

 and intermingled portions. The limestone reappears in the vale at the eastern 

 foot of Tour Hill, and again at Skull, beyond the vale, about one mile distant, 

 in a direction to the north of east, and in strata nearly horizontal. In these 

 lower positions the limestone is purer, being less contaminated w^ith siliceous 

 matter. In the Tour limestone organic remains are sparingly found, being 

 chiefly fragments of Crinoidea and Producta Martini, but the Sanguinolaria 

 concentrica (Phillips) also occurs. 



Another outbreak of the limestone occurs at Carrigdulkeen, about ten miles 

 to the south-east of Castle Island, and within two miles of the right bank of 

 the river Blackwater, The deeper strata appear to be nearly horizontal, but 

 in the higher grounds the dip is 20° to 30° to the south, and the nearest su- 

 perjacent coal rocks dip in the same manner. This limestone is nearly in an 

 alignment with that of the Guestin stream situated to the west. 



(61.) The coal rocks vary in position in different portions of the tract. 

 On the north coast, extending toward Shanagolden and Fynes Island, they 

 may be considered as mainly undulated from the north-east or easterly incli- 

 nation to the south-west or westerly, both the convex and concave portions 

 being nearly horizontal where perfect, while the ascending or descending beds 

 rarely attain an elevation exceeding 40° or 50°. But all these beds are com- 

 monly more or less abrupted at the surface, as well as in other portions of the 

 tract. 



The undulated structure is also apparent on the line between Newcastle 

 and Castle Island, passing through Abbey feale; the coal rocks dipping in the 

 northern escarpment 40° to 20° to the south-west, and in the southern 30° to 10° 

 to the north-east. 



The arrangement between Broadford and Kanturk, passing through Free- 

 mount and Newmarket, is analogous, the prevailing undulations being from 

 north to south, yet in some cases attaining as high an angle as 80°. 



In penetrating from the westward, from Castle Island to Carrigdulkeen, we 

 find the coal measures, where in contact with the limestone at the foot of the 

 escarpment, slightly inclining to the south-east, but in the interior becoming 

 gradually elevated to an angle of 45°, dipping south-east, as at Scartaglen, 

 adjoining the Brown Flesk. Beyond that river they become nearly horizon- 

 tal, then gently undulated, and at Carrigdulkeen they correspond in position 

 with the subjacent limestone. 



In crossing from the valley of the Maine to the river Guestin in Barry's glen, 

 the dip is first successively 40° and 60° south ; it then gradually declines to 



