60 Mr. Weaver on the Geological Relations of the South of Ireland. 



Metalliferous Relations of the Carboniferous Series. 



(76.) In the Old Red Sandstone. — The only spot in which I have met with 

 metal in any material quantity in this rock in Ireland, is in the northern face 



Lackawanna and Wyoming, on tlie Susquehanna, and the bituminous coal-fields of Bradford, 

 Tioga, Lycoming, and Clearfield. 



The main body of carboniferous limestone, which thus underlies the series just noticed, extends 

 from Lake Erie in an easterly direction through the State of New York to the Helderberg moun- 

 tain, situated about 20 miles S.W. of Albany. Here its course is inflected to the south and south- 

 west, and from the Helderberg mountain it has been traced 120 miles upon that line, extending 

 into Pennsylvania on the right bank of the Delaware river, and flanked throughout on the east 

 by transition rocks'. It thus supports the bituminous coal measure series of the Alleghany and 

 Catskill mountains on the north and the east, and incloses and supports on the east also the anthra- 

 citous deposits of Carbor.dale, Lackawanna, and Wyoming, as above stated 2. The southern 

 border of the carboniferous limestone, intersects in its range, the lakes Seneca and Cayuga, and near 

 the heads of those lakes, on the south, thin layers of bituminous coal have been found in the coal 

 measures; and again further east in Otsego county, in the shale lying above the limestone 3. In 

 like manner, narrow seams of bituminous coal have been met with in the Catskill range bordering 

 on the river Schoharrie ; and again in the southern part of the same range in Ulster county, varying 

 from eight to twenty-two inches in thickness, the beds being here in some places horizontal, but 

 in general slightly inclined to the westward ■*. To what extent other seams of coal may occur in 

 the higher accumulation of these coal measures, subjacent to the great anthracitous and bituminous 

 deposits of Pennsylvania above noticed, remains yet to be proved \ 



In the Alleghany ranges, and thence to the west in particular, in the conterminous recrions of 



' Prof. Eaton, Geol. Text Book, pp. QQ, 67, 2nd edition. - Ibid., pp. 90, 121 124 



3 Ibid., pp. 79, 110, 121. 



* American Journal of Science vol. vi. p. 94 to 96. 



* It may be useful to consider, in this place, the distribution of the Trilohite family in the State 

 of New York, in reference to the transition and carboniferous systems respectively- 



In the Transition series are found. Localities. 



Calymene Blumenbachii At Water town near Sackett's Harbour ; Glenn's 



Falls ; Trenton Falls. 



C. selenecephala New York State. 



C. macrophthalma Ulster County. 



C. odontocephala Ditto. 



C. platys Helderberg mountains near Albany 



Asaphus caudatus Glenn's Falls. 



A. selenurus Ditto. 



A. micrurus Trenton Falls. 



A. Hausmanni Lake Erie ; Helderberg. 



A. laticostatus, Ulster county. 



Isotelus gigas, I. planus, I. megalops All at Trenton Falls. 



Nuttainia sparsa Coeymans, near Albany. 



Paradoxides Harlani Trenton Falls. 



Cryptolithus tessellatus Glenn's Falls ; Trenton Falls. 



C. Bigsbii Trenton Falls ; Champlain Lake. 



Triarthrus Beckii Cahoes Falls on the Mohawk river. 



N.B. As on the east of the Helderberg and Catskill mountains, the transition and car- 

 boniferous rocks are in contact, e. g. in Ulster county, it may be doubtful to which series one 



