Section of the Upper Lias and Marlstone at Rockliff^ near Whithy {Easington Heights, Mudge's Survey), 

 showing the limited Distribution of certain Species of Testacea, and the Order Cephalopoda in 

 particular, Local Dip S. W. One Foot in Ten Feet. 



Sandstone beds, containing 

 plant seams 



Inferior oolite 



Shale, 10 feet 



Hard or Cement-stone Seam. 



Numerous calcareous nodules, 

 exclusively manufactured in- 

 to Roman cement, 25 feet... 



Nodules in these and succeed- 

 ing beds highly ferrugi- 

 nous, occasionally been 

 smelted at Newcastle 



Lowest level worked for alum, 

 90 feet from the surface... 



Jet Rock. 



Many jiyritous nodules, very 



much flattened, 20 feet 



Hard compact shale, very 

 sandy ; a few small nodules. 

 Very barren in fossils, 30 ft. 



■ Main Ironstone Bands, 



Connected blocks of hard ii-on- 

 stone, a foot and upwards in 

 tliickness, with thin seams of 

 shale intervening, 25 feet... 



Sandy shale, 5 feet 



Iron dogger 



Sandy shale, 10 feet 



Iron dogger 



Sandy shale, 15 feet 



Iron dogger 



Sandy shale, 18 feet 



Iron dogger 



Shaley sandstone, 10 feet 



Alternations of calcareous 

 sandstone and sandy shale, 

 generally one sandsto!;e bed 

 alternating with another si- 

 milar bed ; the seams covered 

 with fossUs, 40 feet 



Shaley marlstone 



Shaley sandstone, gradually 

 partaldng of the iiatxu-e of 

 the lower has shale, 20 feet 



LOWER LIAS SHALE, 150 

 feet above the level of the 



Numla 

 very abun- 

 dant ; beds 



Amman, communis, Walcottii, subcarinafus. 

 angulatus, erassus, fibulatus. 

 siibarmatus, Lythensis, Botdbiensis. 

 annulatus, heterophylluts, fimbriatus. 



Naut. Astacoides. 



' Belein. elonr/alus. 



trifidus, with many undescribed species. 



Nucula ovum, Plagiostoma pecteno'ideum, Orbi- 



eula rejlexa. 

 N.B. The only portion of the shale used in 



manufacturing alum is that in which Nucula 



ovum occurs. 



Nodules containing Amman, sigmifer, elegantulus, 

 exaratus, Mulgravius, concavus, ovatus; occasion- 

 ally Am. fimbriatus and Heterophyllus, though 

 always dwarfish. 



Lepidotus Gigas (Agas.) ; rarely met with elsewhere. 



Teleosaurus Chapmanni, with remains of Ichthyosau- 

 rus and Plesiosaurus, generally in pyritous nodules. 



1 

 § 



II 



11 



Terebrat. trilineafa, very abundant. 



Am. vittatus in nodules, with Card, multi- 

 costatum. Pecten. planus rarely occurs 

 but in this position. 



Ferruginous shell seams, with Am. maculatus. 

 Card'mm proximum (new species). 



11^ 











7; -d S - g 



s s s s. 



1111 

 sits 



It 





Hill 



