Capt. Grant on the Geology of Cutch. 291 



' 5. Nummulitic limestone and marl, 



6. Tertiary strata. 



7. Alluvial, or recent deposits. 



8. Volcanic and trappean rocks, including all such as bear evident marks of a perfectly 



igneous origin, as basalt, &c. 



These eight divisions, considering the red sandstone as one, represent ge- 

 nerally the geological structure of the province, though many minor subdi- 

 visions might doubtlessly be made ; and the surfaces coloured in the Map, 

 must be considered rather as giving a general idea of the extent of the 

 different formations, than as defining correctly the boundaries of each di- 

 vision. 



1. Syenite and Quartz Rock. 



The only good example of syenite en masse is a hill called Calunja, 

 near the town of Nuggur in Parkur, a district in the Thur, and not far from 

 the mouth of the Loonee river. It is not in Cutch Proper; but as it forms 

 part of the northern coast of the Runn, and is in other respects connected 

 with the geology of the province, I have introduced it as one of the formations. 



The Calunja hill is a confused heap of light red syenitic rocks, composed 

 of quartz, red or white felspar, and large long crystals of hornblende ; the 

 compound being sometimes coarsely grained, and sometimes finely. The 

 base of the main hill is surrounded with small conical mounds, which, at a di- 

 stance, resemble the huts of a village. On entering the space occupied by 

 these mounds, the hill presents a number of irregular, shattered masses, the 

 sides of which are so steep, and are worn so smooth by the action of the ele- 

 ments, as to be extremely difficult of access. Between these masses the sand 

 lies very deep. It is quite evident, that this hill has been violently acted upon 

 by earthquakes. 



In the bed of a river near the village of Koonerea, in the Puchum island, 

 situated in the Grand Runn, I found some masses of precisely similar syenite, 

 which were probably erratic blocks from the Calunja hill ; and it will be seen, 

 by referring to the Map, that this island lies nearly in the direction which 

 would be taken by any sudden floods, coming down the Loonee river. 



Quartz Rock. — This rock is principally developed in a hill of considerable 

 height near the town of Mhurr, situated towards the western side of the pro- 

 vince. The upper part of the hill is entirely composed of it, and huge masses 

 are scattered about the base. A large cleft extends about half way up the 

 western face of the hill, and displays its internal structure, consisting of a 



VOL. V. SECOND SERIES. 2 Q 



