and Ph(P-rwmena of the Counli/ of Suffolk. 361 



The formation is principally exposed in the banks of the estuaries and rivers. Thus, along the 

 course of the Lark and Ouse, it is visible at Bury, Horningsheath, Westley, Great Saxham, Little 

 Saxham, Barrow, Welnetham, Fornham All Saints, Fornham St. Genevieve, Fornham St. Martin, 

 Livermere, Ixworth, and thence by VVatesfield to near Botesdale. In the valley of the Gipping 

 chalk is exposed, though not continuously, from Stowmarket to Whitton; coming to the surface 

 at Whitton, Greeting, Blakenham Magna, Blakenham Parva, Claydon, Somersham, Coddenham ; 

 and in the adjoining parishes at Crowfield, to the east of the Gipping, and at Witnesham, where 

 it forms a considerable hill. At Crowfield and Coddenham the chalk is without flints. In the 

 valley of the Stour it appears at Sudbury, Great and Little Cornard, and Chilton, extending 

 nearly to Long Melford. At Ballingdon Hill, opposite Sudbury, chalk has been excavated to the 

 depth of 40 feet, under 123 feet of diluvium ; and at Hartest, about eight miles to the north of 

 Sudbury, it occurs, dipping rapidly to the south. At Shelley, near Higham, where the Bret 

 joins the Stour, chalk occurs, close to the church, and in the river bed ; it is also visible between 

 Lavenham and Shelley ; and it has been quarried under the clay at Well's Hall, in Brent-Eleigh 

 (Bundilly), Baker's Farm, and Chellesworth. At Monk's Eleigh, (Monk Silly) between Chel- 

 lesworth and Sudbury, the chalk strata dip rapidly to S.W. ; at Semer it crops out close to the 

 river, and is covered by 50 feet of clay and gravel. Chalk is also dug at Cockfield and Bradfield, 

 between Lavenham and Bury. At Hadleigh, between Shelley and Lavenham, the chalk is 102 

 feet below the surface. It occurs also at Aldham, Needham (18 feet from the surface), Nedging, 

 at a great depth, Whatfield (40 feet), Wattisham Offton, Willisham (146 feet). Barking (94 feet), 

 Flowton (90 feet), Bramford Hall (90 feet), Willisham Hall (200 feet). Greeting (23 feet); 

 above the valley of the Stour it has been found at East Bergholt (126 feet); at Helmingham 

 Hall, to the east of Coddenham (57 feet); Wickham Market (160 feet) ; Woodbridge (250 feet), 

 150 feet also of chalk, with flints, having been cut through ; Woolpit (40 feet) ; and at Harwich, 

 as already stated, it was found, at the depth of 64 feet, in West Street ; and 70 yards to the north, 

 at 88 feet from the surface. 



2. Plastic Clay. — There is some difficulty in separating- this deposit from 

 the diluvium of Suffolk. At certain points, however, as at the chalk-pit near 

 Shelley Church (see section 16, p. 373), the brick-pits at Higham Bridge 

 (see p. 372), the St. Helen's brick-pits at Ipswich (see p. 382), at Bramford 

 (p. 380), Whitton (p. 379), Great Cornard, near Sudbury, Harwich (p. 370), 

 East Bergholt, Brent Eleigh, Copdock, the descent from Flowton to Offton, be- 

 tween Offton and Bramford, and at other places, it presents beds of mottled 

 clay, sand, or pebbles, agreeing in character with the strata of plastic clay in 

 other parts of the kingdom*. Prom its occurring- only at detached points, 1 

 am of opinion that it has been exposed to great denudations ; and from its 

 position at particular localities, that it has partaken, in j)art at least, of the 

 dislocations which have affected the chalk. 



3. London Clay. — This formation presents, in Suffolk, the usual charac- 

 ters, and contains layers of cement stones. At VValton-in-the-Naze, and 

 Bawdsey (Plate XXXI., fig. 2.), considerable quantities of pyritous vegetable 

 remains are washed up from a bed below the level of the sea ; and they rival 

 in variety and abundance the Sheppey fossils. 



* For references to detailed sections, see numerical index, p. SQ2. 



