398 H. E. Strickland, Esq., on the Geology 



east and south extend from the summit to the bed of the Meles ; but along the 

 northern declivity they terminate about half-way down, and repose on strata 

 of the lacustrine series. The uppermost of these freshwater beds is here, as 

 elsewhere, a conglomerate of gray limestone, schist, and quartz, in rolled 

 fragments. It passes downwards into beds of sand which may be traced by 

 means of ravines and sandpits for a depth of more than 100 feet, till the houses 

 of Smyrna preclude further search. At the lowest visible point, the sand con- 

 tains abundant impressions of leaves ; also, though more rarely, imperfect 

 shells of Helix and Unio, which identify it with the lacustrine formation 



It is remarkable that these beds of sand and conglomerate dip about 20° to- 

 wards the trachyte of Mount Pagus, which, having been erupted subsequently 

 to their deposition, might be expected to have heaved them in an opposite di- 

 rection. They are clearly not overturned, because the conglomerate of lime- 

 stone pebbles is here in its regular position, on the top of the other lacustrine 

 strata. 



At the north-eastern side of the hill, the sand is replaced by beds of marl 

 and white limestone containing Planorbes; and above them is the never-failing 

 conglomerate, extending under the trachyte. (See PI. XXXll., Sec. No. 1.) 



A few yards lower down, at the foot of the hill near the Caravan bridge, 

 we come unexpectedly upon a rugged mass of rocks belonging to the hippu- 

 rite limestone formation. Its whole area does not much exceed an acre, 

 and we must suppose that it has been brought up by some convulsion, 

 connected with the outbursts of trachyte in the vicinity. It consists of friable, 

 marly, cream-coloured shale, similar to that at Baltchikeui, and it contains 

 veins of crystalline carbonate of lime, and some masses of a hard, yellowish, 

 calcareo-siliceous stone. The stratification is very obscure, but as far as it 

 could be determined, it dips towards Mount Pagus, conformably with the 

 lacustrine marls, a few yards higher up. These friable schists are extensively 

 quarried, and when broken small are used in Smyrna for garden walks and 

 terraced roofs. On the east side of the schist are some irregular masses of 

 compact, gray hmestone, similar to that which, in Mount Tarlali, contains 

 Hippurites; and they identify the whole of these dislocated rocks with that 

 formation. 



About half a mile N.E. of this point, is a small, isolated hillock of trachyte, 

 the elevation of which may have caused the otherwif^e anomalous dip of the 

 lacustrine strata, on the N. and N.E. sides of Mount Pagus. (See Section J.) 



The right bank of the Meles, opposite Mount Pagus, presents an escarp- 

 n>ent of the lacustrine formation. (See Section 2.) The trachytic rocks on 

 this side are of small extent, but rise, in one place, about half-way up the 

 south side of the ravine, and appear lo abut against the edges of the lacus- 



