594 W. J. Hamilton^ Esq., on the 



projects on the south side of the ravine, whilst on the north, the hills consist of 

 indurated shales. Between the latter and the basalt, a stream has worn a deep 

 passage, and a little further on, it flows over basaltic rocks, apparently inter- 

 stratified with beds of coarse peperite, which dip S.E. about 40°. These 

 volcanic strata are probably connected with the mass of basalt just mentioned, 

 which appears to have been elevated through the red sandstone and marls. 

 Large boulders and masses of jasper and flint and quartz resinite occur in 

 many places in the vafley, apparently derived from the beds of jasper and 

 limestone on its north side ; but I did not see any beds or nodules of flint in 

 situ. These beds of jasper and limestone, which may perhaps be referred to 

 the cretaceous period, or upper secondary formation, dip to the E.S.E. 20° or 

 30°. Beyond, we came again upon the horizontal tufaceous formation of 

 which the hills consist, both right and left, as we ascended the ravine. Near 

 Baktash the road and line of section leave the valley on the right, and wind up 

 hills to the north, which in places have perpendicular escarpments forty or 

 fifty feet high. On reaching the capping of hard tuff", which had been seen from 

 below, I was surprised to find that the ground still rose gently to another 

 plateau half a mile distant, formed by a thick bed of basalt, derived appa- 

 rently from some high hills, a few miles to the E.S.E. The extent of this 

 capping is not very considerable, but the ground to a great distance is covered 

 with its broken fragments, caused by the gradual wearing away of the softer 

 tuff beneath it. 



Descending towards Injesu, which is situated on the same formation, the 

 tuff" becomes very hard, and separates easily into flags two or three inches 

 thick. In a ravine S.W. from the town, is a junction of the hard trachytic 

 tuff" with the underlying red and yellow variegated sands and marls. The 

 last near the surface are slightly indurated, and traversed by vertical fissures 

 for a foot or two downwards. I could not ascertain their dip, and they ap- 

 peared, as far as 1 could see, to be perfectly uniform, though variegated in 

 colour, and to form only one bed, without separation, way-board, or inter- 

 vening band of harder stone. Near the surface, however, the deposit con- 

 tained a few pebbles and small boulders of volcanic rocks. 



Mount Argceus and surrounding District. 



From Injesu, the tufaceous formation continues for several miles, to the plain 

 of CaBsarea. The vast insulated peak of Mount Argaeus rises from that plain 

 and sends out several prolongations and spurs to the north into the open 

 country between Injesu and Cffisarea. 



1 call Mount Argasus insulated, because, although to the east its base is con- 

 nected with another range of mountains, it rises on the north, the west and 



