Phenomena in South America. 605 



strong (hastante recio*) at Talcahuano ; and it appears from the evidence of Captain Coste, pub- 

 lished in the Comptes Rendusf, that the island of Lemus in the Chonos Archipelago, 200 miles 

 south of San Carlos, was, by this same earthquake, upraised more than eight feet : describing the 

 present state of the island, M. Coste says, "des roches jadis toujours couvertes par lamer, restant 

 aujourd'hui constamment decouvertes." 



We see, therefore, that, in 1835, — the earthquake of Chiloe, — the activity 

 of the train of neighbouring volcanos, — the elevation of the land around Con- 

 cepcion, — and the submarine eruption at Juan Fernandez, took place simulta- 

 neously, and were parts of one and the same great phenomenon. Again in 1837 

 a large part of the same area was violently affected, whilst a district, 200 

 miles southward of San Carlos in Chiloe, instead, as in 1835, of 300 north- 

 ward of it, was permanently upraised. We must therefore believe, that these 

 two elevations of the land, although not simultaneous, were effects of the same 

 motive power intimately connected together. 



Although the earthquake of February 1835 was so severe in Chiloe, yet at Calbuco, a village 

 situated on the mainland opposite the northern extremity of the island, it was felt with much di- 

 minished violence, and on the neighbouring Cordillera (near Mellipulli) not at all. Some men 

 who had been employed in the mountains splitting fir-planks, when they returned in the evening 

 to Calbuco and were told of the shock, said, that " about the time mentioned, they recollected that 

 they had not been able to strike fair with the axe, and that they had spoilt a board or two, by 

 cutting too deep." This probably is not so fanciful as it at first appears ; at least it shows that, if 

 there were any motion, it was of an exceedingly gentle kind. It is a most interesting circumstance 

 thus to find, that the great columns of smoke shot forth from the tall chimneys of the Andes, re- 

 lieved the trembling ground, which at that moment was convulsed over the whole surrounding 

 country. 



Mr. Caldcleugh J, has stated in his Memoir, that several volcanos in the Cordillera northward of 

 Concepcion were in a state of great activity after the earthquake. It is therefore remarkable that Vil- 

 larica (near Valdivia), a volcano which is more frequently in eruption than almost any other in the 

 range, although situated in an intermediate position, between those of central Chile and those in front 

 of Chiloe, was not in the least affected. The day was very clear, and although not at the moment of 

 the shock, yet within two hours after it, I attentively watched its truncated summit, but did not per- 

 ceive the least signs of action. This circumstance probably has an intimate relation with the less 

 force of the earthquake in the same intermediate district. In 1837, however, it suffered simi- 

 larly with Chiloe. Although Villarica was passed over in 1835, yet in the account of the earth- 

 quake of 1822 at Valparaiso, it is said, " at the moment the shock was felt, two volcanos in the 

 neighbourhood of Valdivia (where the earthquake was pretty sharp) burst out suddenly with 

 great noise, illuminated the heavens and the surrounding country for a few seconds, and as sud- 



* Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle, vol. ii. p. 418. 



t Comptes Rendus, October, 1838, p. 706. 



X Phil. Transact, for 1836. I likewise was informed by an intelligent person, that he had seen, 

 from the plain near Talca, a volcano in the Cordillera in great activity on the night subsequent to 

 the earthquake. 



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