Physical Structure and older stratified Deposits of Devonshire. 681 



the culm appearing here (precisely as in the contorted culmiferous strata of Pembrokeshire) in 

 large spheroidal masses, much shattered and broken, as if they had undergone irregular com- 

 pression among the contorted beds of sandstone. Some parts of this bed are very good for 

 domestic use. 



The north vein is forty fathoms north of the preceding. It is two feet wide on the average, 

 and is liable to similar variations with the middle vein ; and it has been much worked, though it 

 is not of so good a quality as the former. 



The pit we examined was sinking on the south side of the middle vein. 

 The sole of all the culm beds is sandstone^ rather close-grained, and in some 

 places ferruginous; and the roof is composed of indurated shale (called shil- 

 lat) : but in the middle vein the shale roof sometimes passes into a gray mi- 

 caceous flagstone^ mixed and stained with glossy culm^ and is exactly like 

 a grit of the culm measures of Pembrokeshire. Plants are found in all these 

 overlying shales ; and carbonaceous impressions (sometimes with distinct traces 

 of vegetable structure) occur also in the sandstones, both of this and the other 

 localities. 



These mineral details are copied, word for word, from our memorandums 

 made on the spot, and are enough for our present purpose*. It only remains 

 for us to give a list of the fossil plants, many of which are now before the 

 Society. 



PLANTS IN THE CULM STRATA OF DEVON, DETERMINED BY 

 PROFESSOR LINDLEY. 



DEVONSHIRE. OTHER LOCALITIES. 



Asternphijllitesfoliosa. Foss. Flora, PI. 25. f, 1. Jarrow Colliery, Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

 Catamites undulatus. Ad. Brongniart, Veg. Low Moor, Yorkshire. Radnitz, Bohemia, &c. 

 Foss., PI. 17, fig. 1, 4. 



C . Species resembling C arenaceus, 



Ad. Brongn. 

 Cyperites bicarinata. Foss. Flora, PI. 43. f. 1, 2. Upper coal measures, Salop. 

 Neuropteris gigantea. Sternb. Tent. Flor. One of the most abundant coal plants in Ger- 

 Primord. Tab. 22. Ad. Brong., PI. 69. many and in England. 

 Foss. Flora, PI. 52. 



{Osmunda gigantea, Sternberg 

 Flor. der Vorw. Filicites 

 linguarius, Schloth. Flor. der 

 Vorw., Tab. 11. fig. 23.) 

 Neuropteris cordata. Ad. Brongn., PI. 64. Upper coal measures, Salop, and common in 

 fio-. 5. Foss. Flora, PI. 41. the English and French coal-fields. 



* There are many old deserted works much further towards the east. The attempts to work 

 the culm beds near their eastern limit have hitherto failed to reward the adventurers with any 

 profit. The last attempt was made upon a very thin bed in the hills about two miles north-west 

 of Bradwick. 



