FOSSIL MAMMALIA. 71 



but all the ascending part is less elevated in proportion. The 

 coronoid apophysis is raised to the level of the condyle, while 

 it is much lower in the elephant. The longitudinal part is less 

 elevated in proportion to its length, but equally inflated, espe- 

 cially behind. The lower jaw of Mr. Peale's skeleton is two 

 feet ten inches in length, and weighs sixty-three pounds. The 

 principal characters of the cranium are, the divergence of the 

 cheek-teeth in front, while those of the elephant converge, 

 and those of the mammoth are parallel ; the osseous palate 

 extends far beyond the last tooth ; the pterygoid apophysis of 

 the palatine bones are thick beyond example. Mr. R. Peale 

 found no trace of orbit in the anterior part of the arch ; conse- 

 quently, the eye must have been much higher than in the ele- 

 phant. The maxillary bones have much less vertical elevation 

 than in the elephant ; the zygomatic arch is less elevated ; the 

 occipital condyles, raised in the elephant considerably above the 

 level of the palate, are on that level in the mastodon. The mas- 

 todon appears to have had precisely the large cellulse which 

 give so much thickness to the cranium of the elephant, and 

 are only prolongations of the different sinuses of the nose. 



We cannot precisely ascertain the elevation of the top of the 

 cranium ; but its weight, that of the cheek-teeth and tusks, 

 cannot permit us to doubt that the occiput was considerably 

 elevated, to furnish adequate attachments for the levator- 

 muscles. 



The entire length of the cranium of Mr. Peale's mastodon 

 seems to have been about 1.139. 



The tusks are implanted in the incisive bone, like the ele- 

 phant. They are composed likewise of ivory, the grain of which 

 exhibits curvilinear lozenges. 



The tusks of the elephant are often more or less round ; 

 those of the mastodon seen by the Baron were elliptical. Their 

 curvature varies as much as in the elephant. 



The alveoli in Mr. Peale's mastodon were about eight inches 

 deep. The direction of the tusks, on issuing from the alveoli, is • 



