FOSSIL MAMMALIA. 81 



phant are larger, but neither angular nor striated ; those of the 

 morse, which are also larger, are very much striated towards 

 the root, but not angular ; the tusk of the narwhal is straight, 

 but twisted spirally by the striae of the surface. The texture 

 of the osseous substance is hkewise very different. In the ele- 

 phant we find brownish traits, which cross into curvilinear 

 lozenges, of a very regular form ; in the morse there are brown 

 grains, moulded, as it were, into a whiter substance ; in the 

 narwhal all seems homogeneous ; in the hippopotamus, there 

 are five striae, concentrical to the contour of the tooth, 



M. Fabbroni adds, that the diameter of the tusk in 

 question bore a nearer proportion to its length than that of the 

 African hippopotamus, and its spiral curve was also much 

 more marked. These teeth were found in the upper vale of 

 Arno. 



The Baron travelled into Tuscany in 1809 and 1810, and 

 found in the museum of Florence, and in that of the academy 

 of the vale of Arno, such an abundance of fossil remains of the 

 hippopotamus, that there could be no difficulty in recomposing 

 a skeleton. He brought back a considerable quantity to Paris, 

 which he had bought from the Tuscan peasants. A skeleton 

 nearly entire, and fragments of eleven individuals, have been in 

 the cabinet of the Grand Duke since 1816. In fact the bones 

 of the hippopotamus are nearly as numerous as those of the 

 elephant in the upper vale of Arno, and more numerous than 

 those of the rhinoceros. They are found confused with both in 

 the small sand-hills, which form the final links of that moun- 

 tainous chain by which this beautiful valley is engirded. 



The bones of the hippopotamus have been found at Rome 

 and in other parts of Italy, also in France and England, but 

 more abundantly in the vale of Arno than elsewhere. 



The distinguishing characters of the great fossil hippopota- 

 mus are not quite so strongly marked as those of the elephant 

 and rhinoceros, but still quite sufficient, on a comparison of 

 all the bones, to prove a decided difference from the living 



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