FLOWER. — ARCTIC CETACEA. 45 



W. Lilljeborg : " Sveriges och Norges Ryggradsjur. I. Daggd- 

 " juren," contains a full bibliography of Northern Cetacea to 1873. 



Bell's "British Quadrupeds," 2nd edition (1874), the portion 

 relating to Cetacea, by Mr. E. R. Alston. A popular but accurate 

 account of the species inhabiting the British Seas. 



3. Instructions for collecting and observing the Birds 

 of Greenland. By P. L. Sclater, M.A., F.R.S. 



The " Manual " supplied to the scientific observers of the 

 Expedition contains an article on the Birds of Greenland by 

 Professor Newton, F.R.S., drawn up specially for the work in 

 question. This will be found to contain a complete summary of 

 the present state of our knowledge of the Ornithology of Green- 

 land, and indications of the principal desiderata as regards our 

 acquaintance with the Birds known to occur there. 



For the determination of the European species, the following 

 works should be consulted : — Yarrell's " History of British Birds " 

 (London, 1843), or MacGillivray's "British Birds" (London, 

 1839) : for the American species, Baird's "Birds of North Ame- 

 " rica" (Philadelphia, 1860), or Coue's " Key to North American 

 " Birds " (Salem, Mass., 1872). 



The principal objects of the observers who direct their attention 

 to Birds should be — 



1. To supplement the present catalogue of the Birds of Green- 

 land by ascertaining the occurrence of additional species. 



2. To render our present knowledge of the species that occur 

 there more perfect by additional observations on them. 



To this end, specimens should be preserved of all the species 

 of Birds met with during the expedition. Li the case of all except 

 the very commonest species, examples of both sexes in their 

 various plumages, as also of the eggs, nestling, and immature form 

 of such as breed in the country, should be preserved. Every 

 specimen collected should be carefully labelled with a small paper 

 or parchment ticket attached to the foot, on which the exact 

 locality, date, and collector's name, as likewise the sex as ascer- 

 tained by dissection, should be stated. Additional particulars 

 concerning each specimen (such as the colour of the iris, bill, and 

 legs) may be recorded in the collector's note-book. 



The observations of the Bird -collector should be specially di- 

 rected towards the following points : — 



(1.) The alteration in the general character of the Avi-fauna as 

 the Expedition proceeds north. 



(2.) A complete record of the species observed and obtained in 

 the north after Smith's Sound is entered, and the extreme northern 

 limit of the occurrence of each of them. 



(3.) The exact times of arrival of the migrants from the south 

 after the Arctic winter, as likewise of their departure southwards 

 in the autumn. 



