RAMSAY AND EVANS.-^OBSt]RV ANIONS IN GEOLOGY. 69 



to have had much experience in geological work in the field, but 

 to be already acquainted with the elementary principles of the 

 stratification of sediments by water ; if not, it will be necessary 

 for him to consult a manual, like that of Jukes and Geikie. 



On a voyage such as that contemplated it is probable that 

 sections, whether of solid rocks or of looser superficial detritus, will 

 chiefly be seen on hues of coast clifis, or indicated by the out- 

 cropping of strata on occasional flat spaces between high and low 

 water mark. 



a. Do the rocks lie in horizontal layers or beds, and are* they all 



of the same lithological character, such as of Conglomerate, 

 Sandstone, Limestone, or Shale ; or do they vary, such as 1 Con- 

 glomerate, 2 Shale, 3 Limestone, 4 Sandstone mixed with pebbles, 

 5 Shale again, and 6 Sandstone ; or are they of mixed character 

 partaking of two or more kinds of material. If Conglomerate, 

 are the included stones rounded and water-worn, or angular ; of 

 what kind or kinds of material do the fragments consist ; of what 

 size are the largest stones ; and the site of the parent rock from 

 which they were derived should be noted when it can be ascer- 

 tained. 



Do all, or any, of the beds contain fossil shells, or other kinds 

 of organic remains. If so of what genera, and if possible try 

 by genera and species to determine to what part of the scale 

 of the geological formations they belong, such as Silurian, Car- 

 boniferous, Oolitic, and so on. The fossils from each separate 

 bed should also be numbered when collected. 



Fig. 2. 



h. Are the strata inclined («, b, fig. 2) or vertical (c, fig. 2.) 

 If inclined, at what angles do they dip. This is ascertained by 

 the use of the clinometer. The point of the compass towards 

 which the strata dip should also be accurately registered. 



Fig. 3. 



