NEWTON ON BIRDS IN GREENLAND. 101 



on the Parry Islands. Its quaintly marked black and whitehead, 

 deep black breast, chestnut and black back, and Avhite belly, 

 render this one of the most easily recognized of shore-birds. 



(36.) Vanellus cristatus. Lapwing. 



One obtained, 7 January, 1820, near the Fiskenses ; a second 

 received from Julianehaab in 1847. 



17. Squatarola helvetica. Grey Plover. 



Rare, but found in both Inspectorates, and, according to Holboll, 

 increasing in numbers — an assertion which Prof. Reinhardt doubts. 

 Said to breed on Melville Peninsula, where, according to Richard- 

 son, its eggs were obtained. Specimens of these, however, exist in 

 very few collections, and apparently only from Siberia and Alaska. 

 The bird is to be distinguished from the Golden Plover by its 

 larger size, its deep black axillary feathers (which are very apparent 

 in flight) and its rudimentary hind-toes. 



18. Charadrius virginicus. American Golden Plover. 



"Kajorrovek," " Kajordlek." 

 Somewhat rare in Greenland, but possibly breeds there, as it 

 does in considerable abundance on swampy places in the Parry 

 Islands. Seen in plenty on Parry's Second Voyage. Not distin- 

 guished by the older writers (including Richardson) from the 

 following species, but is always recognizable by its smoky-grey 

 axillary feathers, and more slender form. 



(57.) Charadrius pluvialis. Golden Plover. 



One, in summer plumage, shot in the spring of 1871 on the 

 Noursoak Peninsula. Believed by Dr. Finsch to breed in 

 East Greenland. To be distinguished from the foregoing 

 species by its pure Avhite axillaries and somewhat stouter build. 



19. .Sgialitis hiaticula. Ringed Plover. " Tukagvajok." 

 Breeds generally in Greenland and found on Sabine and Clavering 



Islands. Said to be abundant on the shores of Possession Bay and 

 Regent's Inlet, but was perhaps mistaken for a nearly-allied 

 species. Was found by Professors Torell and Nordenskjold on 

 the Seven Islands (lat. 80° 45' N.), and therefore has possibly the 

 highest northern range of any known shore-bird. 



The " Charadrius Jiiaticida " of Richardson (App. Parry's 

 Second Voyage, p. 351), apparently brought from Mount Sabine, 

 was subsequently identified by him with the North American 

 JEgialitis scmipalmata (Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 367) — a species be- 

 lieved to have been obtained in Boothia Felix on Ross's Second 

 Vovage, but not hitherto recognized from Greenland, where it may 

 however not unreasonably be expected to occur. This differs 

 from JE. hiaticula in being smaller and slenderer, in wanting the 

 white patch above and behind the eye, and in having a much 

 narrower pectoral band. On closer examination also the middle 

 and outer toes of JS. scmipalmata will be seen to bo united at 

 their base by a very distinct web. 



