NEWTON ON BIRDS IN GREENLAND. 103 



(3g.) Tiinga minutilla. American Stint. 



One shot in the spring of 1867 on Noursoak Peninsula.* 



(40.) Tringa maculata. Pectoral Sandpiper. 



One was received from Greenland in 1851 by the Copen- 

 hagen Museum, and two more examples were sent thither 

 from Nenortalik in 1859. 



23. Tringa bonapartii. Bonaparte's Sandpiper. 



Believed by Holboll (according to Dr. Paulsen) to breed near 

 Julianehaab, where small flocks of both old and young birds have 

 been observed in August. A very young bird was obtained 

 at Nenortalik in 1835, one undergoing the change to winter- 

 plumage in 1840, and three were procured there in 1841. 



24. Tringa alpina. Dunlin. " Tojuk." 



Dr. Paulsen has more than once received this species from 

 Greenland both in young and autumn plumage. It probably 

 breeds there, as it certainly does on Melville Peninsula, and else- 

 where on the coast of Davis Strait. The Dunlin of the American 

 continent seems to be constantly larger than that of Europe, and 

 has been described as distinct by the name of Tringa americana. 

 No appreciable difference in plumage is, however, perceptible.f 



26. Tringa striata. Purple Sandpiper. " Sarbarsuk," " Sirk- 

 sariarsungoak." 

 Occurs in winter even so far as the sea is open, and is of 

 general distribution. Though not mentioned by Graah as met 

 with on the East Coast, some twenty or thirty were seen on Sabine 

 Island by Dr. Pansch. 



26. THnga canutus. Knot. " Kajok ? % " " Kajordlik ? " 



Rare in the South, but often met|,with in the North: believed 

 not to breed below lat. 68° N. Is thought to have its nest in the 

 bays of Greenland, but authentic eggs seem never to have been 

 obtained in that country, nor are such known to exist in collec- 

 tions. After the breeding-season resorts to the outer islands. Is 

 reported to have been found breeding on Melville Peninsula, and 

 in great abundance on the Parry Islands. The large flocks of 

 this bird which in autumn and spring throng our own coasts, as 

 well as those of Europe and temperate North America, to say 



* " T. minuta." A single specimen brought home by Mr. Edwards 

 (Richardson, App. Parry's Second Voyage, p. 354). The " T. minuta " of 

 Dr. Walker was T. striata. 



+ There are several other species of Shore-Sandpipers which may be not 

 unreasonably looked for (perhaps as stragglers) in high latitudes. Little, 

 if anything, is known of their breeding-habits, and therefore the occurrence of 

 such birds is especially worthy of attention. 



X This name is also common to Phalaropus fulicarius, doubtless from the 

 similarity in the colour of the sunamer-plumage of the two species. The Knot, 

 however, is at least twice as large as the Phalarope. In Iceland, where both 

 birds occur, they are equally confounded by the natives. 



