MORCH ON THE MOLLUSCA OF GREENLAND, 135 



phanum, &c., also a large Anthipathes (a black sponge-like 

 Coral). 



The Sharks are fished for by the Greenlanders in the winter, 

 through a hole in the ice by a fine line of at least 100 faths., 

 formerly made of whalebone fibre. The Shark gently follows the 

 hook to the surface, where it is killed. 



2. In the stomach of Anas mollissima, and especially of Anas 

 spectabilis, rare shells are often found. Large specimens from 

 Greenland are nearly all found in this way. 



3. The shell of Limacina is always broken by the animal when 

 captured. In the stomach of a species of Cottus, found in North 

 Greenland, these shells, however, are found entire and empty. 



4. The Whelks (^Buccinum and Fusus) are taken in sunken 

 baskets, baited with dead fish, but the basket must not lie too 

 long as the bait is eaten away by Gammarus^ &c., in an incredibly 

 short time. 



5. The land and freshwater shells are particularly interesting. 

 On the west coast of Greenland are found one Vitrina, two small 

 Helices {Helix fulva and H. alliaria of England), one Pupa, and 

 one Succinea. 



Of freshwater shells there are one small Planorbis, several 

 LimncBce, and one Bivalve {Pisidium). 



None have yet been found in Spitzbergen and Nova Zembla. 



In a memoir " On the Land and Freshwater MoUusca of Green- 

 " land," ( " American Journal of Conchology,") Dr. Morch offers 

 the following remarks (p. 27) : — 



" The land shells of Greenland are nearly allied to those of 

 Iceland. The Vitrina, the Succinea, and Hyalina alliaria accord 

 better with the species of Iceland than with American species. 

 The freshwater species of Greenland, however, are entirely 

 different from those of Iceland. The Limncece of Iceland belong 

 to Radix, while those of Greenland all belong to Limnophysa ; 

 both genera common to Europe and America. The Planorhis 

 of Greenland is perhaps PI. parvus^ Say, of America, or PI. 

 spirorbis, Rm. f. 63, {PI. Dazuri, nob.). Pisidium Steenbuchii 

 of Greenland is most nearly allied to P. pulchellum, found in 

 Iceland and Europe, but it is much larger. They have been all 

 found in Labrador by Packard. Although the Arctic species are 

 small, they are the largest in the group of species to which they 

 belong. Thus Succinea Groenlandica is larger than S. arenaria ; 

 Vitrina larger than any European species, except, perhaps, V, 

 major ; the Pupa is the largest of the Vertigos." 



X. — Marine Invertebrata collected by the Arctic Ex- 

 pedition under Dr. I. I. Hayes. By W. Stimpson, 

 M.D. (May 1862). From the Proceed. Acad. Nat. 

 Sciences Philadelphia, 1862-8, p. 188-142. 1863. 



[In the following list those species are enumerated which were 

 brought home from Port Foulke and Littleton Island, on the 



