210 HOOKER ON ARCTIC PLANTjs. 



The following Arctic-European plants are of sporadic occur- 

 rence in North America : — 



Ranunculus acris, Rocky Moun- Phyllodoce taxifolia, Greenland, 



tains. United States Mountains 



Arabis alpina, Greenland and and Labrador. 



Labrador. Gentiana nivalis, Greenland and 

 Lychnis alpina, Greenland and Labrador. 



Labrador. Veronica alpina, Greenland and 

 Arenaria arctica, Greenland United States Mountains. 



and Rocky Mountains. Bartsia alpina, Greenland and 



A. verna, Greenland, Arctic -d -i.^ ^^ ?^* i . . t i_ j 



Islands, and Rocky Moun- Pedicularis palustris, Labrador. 



. ' '' Primula farinosa, Labrador. 



Alcheinllla vulgaris, Greenland ^aUx phylicifolia, United States 



and Labrador. 



Mountains. 



^ , ,. , . ^ S. arbuscula, Greenland and 



Gnaphalium sylvaticum, Green- United States Mountains, 



land and Labrador. Juncus trifidus, Greenland and 



G. supinum, Greenland, Labra- United States Mountains, 



dor, and United States Moun- Carex capitata, Greenland and 



tains. United States Mountains. 



Vaccinium myrtillus, Rocky Phleum alpinum, Greenland, 



Mountains only. United States Mountains, and 



Cassiopeia hypnoides, Green- Labrador. 



land, United States Moun- Calamagrostis lanceolata, La- 

 tains, and Labrador. brador. 



There are, besides, a considerable number of Arctic-European 

 plants which, in the New World, are confined to Greenland, being 

 nowhere found in East America ; these will be enumerated when 

 treating of the Greenland Flora. [The plants (29 species), which 

 are widely distributed in temperate America and Asia, but almost 

 exclusively Arctic in Europe, are enumerated, p. 263.] 



The works upon which I have mainly depended for the habitats 

 of the Arctic-European plants are Wahlenberg's " Flora Lap- 

 ponica," Ledebour's " Flora Rossica," Fries' " Summa Vegeta- 

 bilium Scandinaviae" and " Mantissae," and various admirable 

 treatises by Andersson, Nylander, Hartmann, Lindblom, Wahlberg, 

 Blytt, C. Martins, Ruprecht, and Schrenk. 



For Spitzbergen plants I have depended on Hooker's enumera- 

 tion of the Spitzbergen collections made during Parry's attempt 

 to reach the North Pole, Captain Sabine's collection made in the 

 same island, and on Lindblom and Beilschmied's " Flora von Spitz- 

 bergen" (Regensburg, Flora, 1842). 



For the southern distribution of the Arctic-European plants, I 

 have further consulted Nyman's excellent '.* Sylloge," Ledebour's 

 " Flora Rossica," Grisebach's *' Flora Rumelica," Grenier and 

 Godron's " Flore de France," Parlatore's *' Flora Italiana," Koch's 

 " Synopsis Florae Germaniag," Munby's " Catalogue of Algerian 

 Plants," A. Richard's of those of Abyssinia, Visiani's "Flora 

 Balmatica," Delile's " Flora ^gyptiaca," Boissier's noble " Voy- 

 age botanique dans I'Espagne," and Tchihatcheffs ^* Asia Minor," 



