216 HOOKER ON ARCTIC PLANTS. 



Nardosmia corymbosa. Castilleja pallida. 



Ptarmica vulgaris. Pedicularis capitata. 



Crysanthemum arcticuni. P. versicolor. 



Artemisia vulgaris. Androsace septentrionalis. 



Senecio frigidus. A. Chamsejasme. 



S. palustris. Salix phlebophylla. 



S. pulchellus. Lloydia serotina. 



Solidago Virga-aurea. Hierochloe pauciflora. 



Aster salsuginosus. Deschampsia caespitosa (East 



Crepis nana. Greenland only). 



Saussurea alpina. Glyceria fluitans. 



Andromeda polifolia. Pleuropogon Sabini. 



Arctostaphylos alpina. Bromus purgavis. 



Kalmia glauca. Elymus mollis. 



Phlox Sibirica. 



There are thus no fewer than 184 of the 379 Arctic-East- 

 American species (fully half) which are absent in West Green- 

 land, whilst only lOo (much less that one third) are absent in 

 Europe. This alone would make the limitation of species in the 

 meridian of Baffin's Bay more decided than in any other Arctic 

 longitude ; and I shall show that it is rendered still more decisive 

 by the number of Arctic- Greenland plants that do not cross to 

 Arctic East America. 



Of the 379 Arctic-East- American species, only 56 are not found 

 in Temperate East America, of which two are absolutely confined 

 to this area ; two others {Parrya arenicola and Festuca Richard- 

 soni) to Arctic East and West America ; 25 are foimd in Tempe- 

 rate West America, and about 20 are Rocky-Mountain species, 

 and not found elsewhere in Temperate America. 



For our knowledge of this flora I am principally indebted to 

 the " Flora Boreali-Americana," and to Richardson's * botanical 

 appendix to Franklin's First Voyage and his '' Boat Journey 

 " through Rupert's Land." 



I have also examined the materials upon which the above works 

 were founded, and the collections of almost every subsequent 

 journey and voyage, up to those of Dr. Walker in the *' Fox." 

 To enumerate the numerous botanical appendices to Voyages, and 

 separate opuscules to which these have given rise, from Ross' 

 First Voyage to the present time, would be out of place here. I 

 have endeavoured to embody in the essay the information gleaned 

 from all of them. For the southern distribution of these plants 

 in the United States, &c., I have had recourse primarily to Asa 

 Gray's excellent '^ Manual of the Botany of the Northern United 

 " States," to Chapman's " Flora of the S. E. States," and to the 

 Reports on the Botany of various Exploring Expeditions. 

 il 5. Arctic Greenland. — In area Arctic Greenland exceeds any 

 other Arctic District except the Asiatic, but ranks lowest of all 



* I am indebted to Sir John Richardson for some corrections to this list," 

 which account for a few discrepancies between his lists of Arctic- American 

 plants and my own ; these refer chiefly to genera and species introduced iatC- 

 his lists, but here excluded. 



