HEEK, MIOCENE FLORA AND FAUNA, GREENLAND. 379 



42 in Switzerland. Of these there are 35 in the Lower and 24 

 in the Upper Molasse. Thus, excepting those from Puilasok, the 

 Greenland fossil plants, like those of Spitzbergen, accord chiefly 

 with those of our Lower Miocene. 



3. In East Greenland MM. Payer and Copeland have obtained 

 some fossil plants at Sabine Island (about 74^° N.L.) : remains 

 of Taxodium distichum, Populus arctica^ and Diospyros brachy- 

 sepala, all known from West Greenland, and the first two 

 common in Spitzbergen. The 35 species which are common to 

 Spitzbergen and West Greenland probably existed all over the 

 intermediate region, and their remains may yet be found at Sabine 

 Island. 



4. The Lignite- or Browncoal-formation of Iceland is wide- 

 spread, and plants have reached me from five places : — ^Briamslock 

 (about Q6\° N.L.), Hredavatn (64° 40' N.L.), Langavatsdalr, 

 Sandafell (about 6^° N.L.), and Husawick {Q6° 40' N.L.), 

 yielding 42 species, of which 18 belong to the Miocene of Europe. 



5. From the Mackenzie River district we have still only the 17 

 species of Miocene Plants described in vol. i. of " Flora foss. 

 arct." 



6. Still further off is Banks' Land 74° 27' N.L.), with its re- 

 markable wood-hills, yielding five Conifers and a Birch. One of its 

 Pines {Pinus Macclurii) has been found also in Greenland by 

 Nordenskiold, confii'ming my conjecture of the Miocene age of 

 these accumulations of wood (" Flora arct.," i., p. 20.) 



, 7. Altogether there are 353 species from these Arctic regions. 

 [A table of distribution in families is given, p. 5.] There are 31 

 Cryptogams, 53 Gymnosperms, 6^ Monocotyledons, 65 Apetalae, 

 16 Gamopetalse, 88 Polypetalae, and 45 of doubtful alliance. 



Several species of these Miocene Plants can now be traced from 

 Spitzbergen, by Greenland, to the Mackenzie in N.W. America, 

 namely : — 



Taxodium distichum. Salix Raeana. 



Glyptostrobus Ungeri. Corylus Macquarrii. 



Sequoia Langsdorfii. Platanus aceroides. 



Populus arctica. Hedera Macclurii. 



The Swamp Cypress, Poplar, Hazel, and Plane are among the 

 most abundant of those both in Greenland and Spitzbergen ; Se- 

 quoia and Glyptostrobus abound in Greenland, and have lately 

 been found in Spitzbergen, but appear to be more limited there. 

 Either wide-spread or abundant in both of these countries are — 



Lastraea Stiriaca. Quercus Groenlandica. 



Taxites Oh-iki. Q. platania. 



Phragmites CEningensis. Andromeda protogaea. 



Populus Richard soni. Nordenskioeldia bore alls. 



Salix varians. Paliurus Colombi. 



Carpinus grandis. Khamnus Eridani. 



Fagus Deucalionis. 



Of the Arctic species, 97 occur in the Miocene Flora of Europe. 

 There is 27^ per cent, (more than J) of these Arctic plants common 

 to the Miocene of Europe. The per-centage for Spitzbergen is 



